19 Use of Microalgae Pigments in Aquaculture
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Table 19.2 Use of pigments in aquaculture
Pigment type
Cultured
animals/plants
Advantages/effects
References
Astaxanthin
Penaeus monodon
Correction of
colouration
Menasveta et al.
(1993)
Astaxanthin
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhyncus mykiss
Increased blood
astaxanthin
Barbosa et al. (1999)
Carotenoids
Gilthead sea-bream,
Sparus aurata
Increased
pigmentation
Gouveia et al. (2002)
Carotenoids:
Astaxanthin,
canthaxanthin
Salmonids and
crustaceans
Pink colour
characteristics
Higuera-Ciapara et al.
(2006)
Carotenoids:
Astaxanthin,
β-carotene,
canthaxanthin, lutein,
zeaxanthin
Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
Accumulation of
pigments in the flesh
Li et al. (2007)
Carotenoids:
Astaxanthin,
canthaxanthin
Rainbow trout,
Oncorhyncus mykiss
Enhanced
accumulation of
carotenoids for human
health
Brizio et al. (2013)
Astaxanthin
Spinecheek
anemonefish,
Premnas biaculeatus
Dermal colouration
and chromatophore
physiology
Ho et al. (2013)
Astaxanthin and
Xanthophylls
Yellow croaker,
Larimichthys croceus
Growth and skin
pigmentation
Yi et al. (2014)
Astaxanthin
Olive
flounder, Paralichthys
olivaceus
Increased total
carotenoid, antioxidant
activities and skin
pigmentation
Pham et al. (2014)
Carotenoids:
Astaxanthin,
xanthophylls and
canthaxanthin
Discus fish
(Symphysodon
aequifasciatus
axelrodi)
Pigmentation
enhancement
Liu et al. (2016)
Carotenoids
Crayfish:
Procambarus clarkii,
Pacifastacus
leniusculus, Astacus
spp., Cherax spp.
Broodstock
reproduction
enhancement
Harlıo˘ glu and Farhadi
(2017)
Carotenoids
Pearl oysters,
Pinctada fucata
Enhanced tolerance to
temperature stress
Meng et al. (2017)
Astaxanthin
Chinese mitten crab:
Eriocheir sinensis
Colouration, ovarian
development and
anti-oxidant capacity
Long et al. (2017)
(continued)