18 Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Applications of Carotenoids
469
Wang, Y., Ausman, L. M., Greenberg, A. S., Russell, R. M., & Wang, X. D. (2010). Dietary
lycopene and tomato extract supplementations inhibit nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-promoted
hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. International Journal of Cancer, 126, 1788–1796.
Wang, Y., Hodge, A. M., Wluka, A. E., English, D. R., Giles, G. G., O’Sullivan, R., Forbes, A., &
Cicuttini, F. M. (2007). Effect of antioxidants on knee cartilage and bone in healthy, middle-aged
subjects: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 9(R66), 1–9.
West, S., Vitale, S., Hallfrisch, J., Muñoz, B., Muller, D., Bressler, S., et al. (1994). Are antioxidants
or supplements protective for age-related macular degeneration? Archives of Ophthalmology, 112,
222–227.
Yamaguchi, M. (2012). Role of carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin in bone homeostasis. Journal of
Biomedical Science, 19(3), 1–13.
Yamaguchi, M., & Uchiyama, S. (2003). Effect of carotenoid on calcium content and alkaline
phosphatase activity in rat femoral tissues in vitro: The unique anabolic effect of β-cryptoxanthin.
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2003(26), 1188–1191.
Yamaguchi, M., & Uchiyama, S. (2004). β-Cryptoxanthin stimulates bone formation and inhibits
bone resorption in tissue culture in vitro. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 258, 137–144.
Yamashita, E. (2013). Astaxanthin as a medical food. Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 3,
254–258.
Yang, C., Fischer, M., Kirby, C., Liu, R., Zhu, H., Zhang, H., et al. (2018). Bioaccessibility, cellular
uptake and transport of luteins and assessment of their antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry,
249, 66–76.
Yang, C., Zhang, H., Liu, R., Zhu, H., Zhang, L., & Tsao, R. (2017a). Bioaccessibility, cellular
uptake, and transport of astaxanthin isomers and their antioxidative effects in human intestinal
epithelial Caco-2 cells. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 65, 10223–10232.
Yang, C., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Sun, Q., Liu, R., Li, J., et al. (2017b). Rapid and efficient conversion
of all-E-astaxanthin to 9Z-and 13Z-isomers and assessment of their stability and antioxidant
activities. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 65, 818–826.
Zhang, Y., Fang, H., Xie, Q., Sun, J., Liu, R., Hong, Z., et al. (2014). Comparative evaluation of the
radical-scavenging activities of fucoxanthin and its stereoisomers. Molecules, 19, 2100–2113.
Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2015). Multiple mechanisms of anti-cancer effects exerted by astaxanthin.
Marine Drugs, 13, 4310–4330.
469
Wang, Y., Ausman, L. M., Greenberg, A. S., Russell, R. M., & Wang, X. D. (2010). Dietary
lycopene and tomato extract supplementations inhibit nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-promoted
hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. International Journal of Cancer, 126, 1788–1796.
Wang, Y., Hodge, A. M., Wluka, A. E., English, D. R., Giles, G. G., O’Sullivan, R., Forbes, A., &
Cicuttini, F. M. (2007). Effect of antioxidants on knee cartilage and bone in healthy, middle-aged
subjects: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 9(R66), 1–9.
West, S., Vitale, S., Hallfrisch, J., Muñoz, B., Muller, D., Bressler, S., et al. (1994). Are antioxidants
or supplements protective for age-related macular degeneration? Archives of Ophthalmology, 112,
222–227.
Yamaguchi, M. (2012). Role of carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin in bone homeostasis. Journal of
Biomedical Science, 19(3), 1–13.
Yamaguchi, M., & Uchiyama, S. (2003). Effect of carotenoid on calcium content and alkaline
phosphatase activity in rat femoral tissues in vitro: The unique anabolic effect of β-cryptoxanthin.
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2003(26), 1188–1191.
Yamaguchi, M., & Uchiyama, S. (2004). β-Cryptoxanthin stimulates bone formation and inhibits
bone resorption in tissue culture in vitro. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 258, 137–144.
Yamashita, E. (2013). Astaxanthin as a medical food. Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 3,
254–258.
Yang, C., Fischer, M., Kirby, C., Liu, R., Zhu, H., Zhang, H., et al. (2018). Bioaccessibility, cellular
uptake and transport of luteins and assessment of their antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry,
249, 66–76.
Yang, C., Zhang, H., Liu, R., Zhu, H., Zhang, L., & Tsao, R. (2017a). Bioaccessibility, cellular
uptake, and transport of astaxanthin isomers and their antioxidative effects in human intestinal
epithelial Caco-2 cells. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 65, 10223–10232.
Yang, C., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Sun, Q., Liu, R., Li, J., et al. (2017b). Rapid and efficient conversion
of all-E-astaxanthin to 9Z-and 13Z-isomers and assessment of their stability and antioxidant
activities. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 65, 818–826.
Zhang, Y., Fang, H., Xie, Q., Sun, J., Liu, R., Hong, Z., et al. (2014). Comparative evaluation of the
radical-scavenging activities of fucoxanthin and its stereoisomers. Molecules, 19, 2100–2113.
Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2015). Multiple mechanisms of anti-cancer effects exerted by astaxanthin.
Marine Drugs, 13, 4310–4330.