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M. Honda
18.2.4.4 Lutein and Zeaxanthin
A global market for lutein was established in the segment of eye health as a standalone, occasionally together with zeaxanthin. Thus, the major application of lutein
and zeaxanthin is nutritional supplement appealing eye health. The supplements
would protect from detrimental effects of computer display light exposure and reduce
the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Lutein is also deal as a medicine for eye
disease, which is listed on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG).
In addition, helenien (lutein dipalmitate) is widely used as a medicine for the visual
disorders (Khan et al. 2014). Helenien is often isolated from the blossom leaves of
Helenium autumnale. Recently, chronic eye disorder age-related macular degeneration accounted for over 50% of blindness cases in North America, and it should
favor the supplements and medicine demands. Lutein and zeaxanthin are also used
for feed as a colorant for egg yolks and broiler skin, and marigold is widely used as
their source. Feeds containing lutein and zeaxanthin derived from marigold result in
a strong yellowish or even orange color hue of the yolks.
18.2.4.5 Canthaxanthin
The major application of canthaxanthin is feeds, e.g., coloring hen’s egg yolks
and fish pigmentation. Since its lower price compared to other carotenoid sources
for feeds such as astaxanthin, the consumption for the industry is expanding year
by year. Although the market size is small (around 10% of total canthaxanthin
market size), canthaxanthin is used for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Namely, the carotenoid is used for supplement appealing antioxidant activity,
anti-atherosclerosis activity, and enhancement of fertility and sexual performances.
Since canthaxanthin is also promoted as a self-bronzing agent, it is used for some
creams and lotions. In addition, as canthaxanthin has a bright red color, it is
popular in coloring pharmaceutical tablets. This application is widespread, but the
volumes consumed are not many. The market for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical
applications of canthaxanthin is expanding year by year especially in North America.
18.2.4.6 Other Carotenoids
Since the bioactivities such as reduction risk of osteoporosis and anti-obesity activity
of β-cryptoxanthin and fucoxanthin, respectively, were reported in the middle of the
2000s (Uchiyama and Yamaguchi 2005; Maeda et al. 2005), the development of
supplements containing their carotenoids has been actively carried out and their
market sizes are growing larger every year especially in Japan. Generally, the natural
sources are used for the supplements, i.e., the major source of β-cryptoxanthin is
Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and that of fucoxanthin is edible brown
seaweeds such as kombu (Laminaria japonica) and wakame (Undaria pinnatifida).
In addition, α-carotene and capsanthin also have markets in supplement appealing
M. Honda
18.2.4.4 Lutein and Zeaxanthin
A global market for lutein was established in the segment of eye health as a standalone, occasionally together with zeaxanthin. Thus, the major application of lutein
and zeaxanthin is nutritional supplement appealing eye health. The supplements
would protect from detrimental effects of computer display light exposure and reduce
the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Lutein is also deal as a medicine for eye
disease, which is listed on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG).
In addition, helenien (lutein dipalmitate) is widely used as a medicine for the visual
disorders (Khan et al. 2014). Helenien is often isolated from the blossom leaves of
Helenium autumnale. Recently, chronic eye disorder age-related macular degeneration accounted for over 50% of blindness cases in North America, and it should
favor the supplements and medicine demands. Lutein and zeaxanthin are also used
for feed as a colorant for egg yolks and broiler skin, and marigold is widely used as
their source. Feeds containing lutein and zeaxanthin derived from marigold result in
a strong yellowish or even orange color hue of the yolks.
18.2.4.5 Canthaxanthin
The major application of canthaxanthin is feeds, e.g., coloring hen’s egg yolks
and fish pigmentation. Since its lower price compared to other carotenoid sources
for feeds such as astaxanthin, the consumption for the industry is expanding year
by year. Although the market size is small (around 10% of total canthaxanthin
market size), canthaxanthin is used for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Namely, the carotenoid is used for supplement appealing antioxidant activity,
anti-atherosclerosis activity, and enhancement of fertility and sexual performances.
Since canthaxanthin is also promoted as a self-bronzing agent, it is used for some
creams and lotions. In addition, as canthaxanthin has a bright red color, it is
popular in coloring pharmaceutical tablets. This application is widespread, but the
volumes consumed are not many. The market for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical
applications of canthaxanthin is expanding year by year especially in North America.
18.2.4.6 Other Carotenoids
Since the bioactivities such as reduction risk of osteoporosis and anti-obesity activity
of β-cryptoxanthin and fucoxanthin, respectively, were reported in the middle of the
2000s (Uchiyama and Yamaguchi 2005; Maeda et al. 2005), the development of
supplements containing their carotenoids has been actively carried out and their
market sizes are growing larger every year especially in Japan. Generally, the natural
sources are used for the supplements, i.e., the major source of β-cryptoxanthin is
Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and that of fucoxanthin is edible brown
seaweeds such as kombu (Laminaria japonica) and wakame (Undaria pinnatifida).
In addition, α-carotene and capsanthin also have markets in supplement appealing