17 Carotenoids as Food Additives
445
Rosenberger, M., McDougal, P., & Bahr, J. (1982). Canthaxanthin. A new total synthesis. Journal
of Organic Chemistry, 47, 2130–2134.
Sajilata, M. G., Singhal, R. S., & Kamat, M. Y. (2008). The carotenoid pigment zeaxanthin—A
review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 7, 29–49.
Santos-Bocanegra, E., Ospina-Osorio, X., & Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. (2004). Evaluation of xanthophylls extracted from Tagetes rectus (Marigold Flower) and Capsicum sp. (Red Pepper Paprika)
as a pigment for egg-yolks campare with synthetic pigments. International Journal of Poultry
Science, 11, 685–689.
Sathasivam, R., & Ki, J.-S. (2018). A review of the biological activities of microalgal carotenoids
and their potential use in healthcare and cosmetic industries. Marine Drugs, 16, 26.
Schoefs, B. (2002). Chlorophyll and carotenoid analysis in food products. Properties of the pigments
and methods of analysis. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 13, 361–371.
Schubert, N., García-Mendoza, E., & Pacheco-Ruiz, I. (2006). Carotenoid composition of marine
red algae. Journal of Phycology, 42, 1208–1216.
Schwarz, S., Obermüller-Jevic, U., Hellmis, E., Koch, W., Jacobi, G., & Biesalski, H. K. (2008).
Lycopene inhibits disease progression in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Journal of
Nutrition, 138, 49–53.
Scotter, M. (2009). The chemistry and analysis of annatto food colouring: A review. Food Additives
& Contaminants: Part A, 26, 1123–1145.
Scotter, M. J. (2011). Methods for the determination of European Union-permitted added natural
colours in foods: A review. Food Additives & Contaminants, 28, 527–596.
Scotter, M. J. (2015). Colour additives for foods and beverages. Elsevier.
Senesse, P., Touvie, M., Kesse, E., Faivre, J., & Boutron-Ruault, M. C. (2005). Tobacco use and
associations of β-carotene and vitamin intakes with colorectal adenoma risk. Journal of Nutrition,
135, 2468–2472.
Shaish, A., Avron, M., & Ben-Amotz, A. (1990). Effect of inhibitors on the formation of stereoisomers in the biosynthesis of β-carotene in Dunaliella bardawil. Plant and Cell Physiology, 31,
689–696.
Shmarakov., I. O., Yuen, J. J., & Blaner, W. S. (2013). Carotenoid metabolism and enzymology. In
S. A. Tanumihardjo (eds.), Carotenoids and human health (pp. 29–56). New York: Springer.
Sluijs, I., Cadier, E., Beulens, J. W., van der A, D. L., Spijkermann, A. M., & van der Schouw,
Y. T. (2015). Dietary intake of carotenoids and risk of type 2 diabetes. Nutrition, Metabolism &
Cardiovascular Diseases, 25, 376–381.
Solymosi, K., Latruffe, N., Morant-Manceau, A., & Schoefs, B. (2015). Food Colour Additives
of Natural Origin. In M. J. Scotter (Ed.), Colour Additives for Foods and Beverages. Woodhead
Publishing: Elsevier.
Socaciu, C. (2007). Food colorants: Chemical and functional properties. CRC Press.
Spolaore, P., Joannis-Cassan, C., Duran, E., & Isambet, A. (2006). Commercial applications of
microalgae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 101, 87–96.
Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., & Bowen, P. E. (2005). Role of lycopene and tomato products in prostate
health. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1740, 202–205.
Stewart, J. S., Lignell, Å., Pettersson, A., Elfving, E., & Soni, M. G. (2008). Safety assessment
of astaxanthin-rich microalgae biomass: Acute and subchronic toxicity studies in rats. Food and
Chemical Toxicology, 46(9), 3030–3036.
Sugiura, M., Kato, M., Matsumoto, H., Nagao, A., & Yano, M. (2002). Serum concentration of
β-Cryptoxanthin in Japan reflects the frequency of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)
consumption. Journal of Health Science, 48, 350–353.
Suzuki, K., Ito, Y., Inoue, T., & Hamajima, N. (2011). Inverse association of serum carotenoids
with prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese. Clinical Nutrition, 30, 369–375.
Tanaka, T., Shnimizu, M., & Moriwaki, H. (2012). Cancer chemoprevention by carotenoids.
Molecules, 17, 3202–3242.
445
Rosenberger, M., McDougal, P., & Bahr, J. (1982). Canthaxanthin. A new total synthesis. Journal
of Organic Chemistry, 47, 2130–2134.
Sajilata, M. G., Singhal, R. S., & Kamat, M. Y. (2008). The carotenoid pigment zeaxanthin—A
review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 7, 29–49.
Santos-Bocanegra, E., Ospina-Osorio, X., & Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. (2004). Evaluation of xanthophylls extracted from Tagetes rectus (Marigold Flower) and Capsicum sp. (Red Pepper Paprika)
as a pigment for egg-yolks campare with synthetic pigments. International Journal of Poultry
Science, 11, 685–689.
Sathasivam, R., & Ki, J.-S. (2018). A review of the biological activities of microalgal carotenoids
and their potential use in healthcare and cosmetic industries. Marine Drugs, 16, 26.
Schoefs, B. (2002). Chlorophyll and carotenoid analysis in food products. Properties of the pigments
and methods of analysis. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 13, 361–371.
Schubert, N., García-Mendoza, E., & Pacheco-Ruiz, I. (2006). Carotenoid composition of marine
red algae. Journal of Phycology, 42, 1208–1216.
Schwarz, S., Obermüller-Jevic, U., Hellmis, E., Koch, W., Jacobi, G., & Biesalski, H. K. (2008).
Lycopene inhibits disease progression in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Journal of
Nutrition, 138, 49–53.
Scotter, M. (2009). The chemistry and analysis of annatto food colouring: A review. Food Additives
& Contaminants: Part A, 26, 1123–1145.
Scotter, M. J. (2011). Methods for the determination of European Union-permitted added natural
colours in foods: A review. Food Additives & Contaminants, 28, 527–596.
Scotter, M. J. (2015). Colour additives for foods and beverages. Elsevier.
Senesse, P., Touvie, M., Kesse, E., Faivre, J., & Boutron-Ruault, M. C. (2005). Tobacco use and
associations of β-carotene and vitamin intakes with colorectal adenoma risk. Journal of Nutrition,
135, 2468–2472.
Shaish, A., Avron, M., & Ben-Amotz, A. (1990). Effect of inhibitors on the formation of stereoisomers in the biosynthesis of β-carotene in Dunaliella bardawil. Plant and Cell Physiology, 31,
689–696.
Shmarakov., I. O., Yuen, J. J., & Blaner, W. S. (2013). Carotenoid metabolism and enzymology. In
S. A. Tanumihardjo (eds.), Carotenoids and human health (pp. 29–56). New York: Springer.
Sluijs, I., Cadier, E., Beulens, J. W., van der A, D. L., Spijkermann, A. M., & van der Schouw,
Y. T. (2015). Dietary intake of carotenoids and risk of type 2 diabetes. Nutrition, Metabolism &
Cardiovascular Diseases, 25, 376–381.
Solymosi, K., Latruffe, N., Morant-Manceau, A., & Schoefs, B. (2015). Food Colour Additives
of Natural Origin. In M. J. Scotter (Ed.), Colour Additives for Foods and Beverages. Woodhead
Publishing: Elsevier.
Socaciu, C. (2007). Food colorants: Chemical and functional properties. CRC Press.
Spolaore, P., Joannis-Cassan, C., Duran, E., & Isambet, A. (2006). Commercial applications of
microalgae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 101, 87–96.
Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., & Bowen, P. E. (2005). Role of lycopene and tomato products in prostate
health. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1740, 202–205.
Stewart, J. S., Lignell, Å., Pettersson, A., Elfving, E., & Soni, M. G. (2008). Safety assessment
of astaxanthin-rich microalgae biomass: Acute and subchronic toxicity studies in rats. Food and
Chemical Toxicology, 46(9), 3030–3036.
Sugiura, M., Kato, M., Matsumoto, H., Nagao, A., & Yano, M. (2002). Serum concentration of
β-Cryptoxanthin in Japan reflects the frequency of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)
consumption. Journal of Health Science, 48, 350–353.
Suzuki, K., Ito, Y., Inoue, T., & Hamajima, N. (2011). Inverse association of serum carotenoids
with prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese. Clinical Nutrition, 30, 369–375.
Tanaka, T., Shnimizu, M., & Moriwaki, H. (2012). Cancer chemoprevention by carotenoids.
Molecules, 17, 3202–3242.