7 Analytical Protocols in Carotenoid Analysis
175
Jumaah, F., Plaza, M., Abrahamsson, V., Turner, C., & Sandahl, M. (2016). A fast and sensitive method for the separation of carotenoids using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid
chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 408, 5883–5894.
Kim, D.-Y., Vijayan, D., Praveenkumar, R., Han, J.-I., Lee, K., Park, J.-Y., et al. (2016). Cellwall disruption and lipid/astaxanthin extraction from microalgae: Chlorella and Haematococcus.
Bioresource Technology, 199, 300–310.
Kimura, M., Kobori, C. N., Rodriguez-Amaya, D. B., & Nestel, P. (2007). Screening and HPLC
methods for carotenoids in sweet potato, cassava and maize for plant breeding trials. Food
Chemistry, 100, 1734–1746.
Kitada, K., Machmudah, S., Sasaki, M., Goto, M., Nakashima, Y., Kumamoto, S., et al. (2009).
Supercritical CO 2 extraction of pigment components with pharmaceutical importance from
Chlorella vulgaris. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 84, 657–661.
Kobayashi, M., Kakizono, T., & Nagai, S. (1993). Enhanced carotenoid biosynthesis by oxidative
stress in acetate-induced cyst cells of a green unicellular alga, Haematococcus pluvialis. Applied
and Environmental Microbiology, 59, 867–873.
Küpper, H., Seibert, S., & Parameswaran, A. (2007). Fast, sensitive, and inexpensive alternative to
analytical pigment HPLC: Quantification of chlorophylls and carotenoids in crude extracts by
fitting with Gauss peak spectra. Analytical Chemistry, 79, 7611–7627.
Küpper, H., Spiller, M., & Küpper, F. C. (2000). Photometric method for the quantification of
chlorophylls and their derivatives in complex mixtures: Fitting with gauss-peak spectra. Analytical
Biochemistry, 286, 247–256.
Lai, Y. S., Parameswaran, P., Li, A., Baez, M., & Rittmann, B. E. (2014). Effects of pulsed electricfield treatment on enhancing lipid recovery from the microalga Scenedesmus. Bioresource
Technology, 173, 457–461.
Lesellier, E., West, C., & Tchapla, A. (2003). Advantages of the use of monolithic stationary
phases for modelling the retention in sub/supercritical chromatography. Application to cis/transβ-carotene separation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1018, 225–232.
Li, H., Deng, Z., Liu, R., Loewen, S., & Tsao, R. (2012). Ultra-performance liquid chromatographic
separation of geometric isomers of carotenoids and antioxidant activities of 20 tomato cultivars
and breeding lines. Food Chemistry, 132, 508–517.
Liau, B.-C., Shen, C.-T., Liang, F.-P., Hong, S.-E., Hsu, S.-L., Jong, T.-T., et al. (2010). Supercritical
fluids extraction and anti-solvent purification of carotenoids from microalgae and associated
bioactivity. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 55, 169–175.
Macías-Sánchez, M. D., Mantell, C., Rodríguez, M., Martínez de la Osa, E., Lubián, L. M.,
& Montero, O. (2007). Supercritical fluid extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll a from
Synechococcus sp. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 39, 323–329.
Mariutti, L. R. B., & Mercadante, A. Z. (2018). Carotenoid esters analysis and occurrence: What
do we know so far? Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 648, 36–43.
Maroneze, M. M., Jacob-Lopes, E., Zepka, L. Q., Roca, M., & Pérez-Gálvez, A. (2019). Esterified
carotenoids as new food components in cyanobacteria. Food Chemistry, 287, 295–302.
Marschall, M., & Proctor, M. C. F. (2004). Are bryophytes shade plants? Photosynthetic light
responses and proportions of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids. Annals of Botany,
94, 593–603.
Matsubara, A., Uchikata, T., Shinohara, M., Nishiumi, S., Yoshida, M., Fukusaki, E., et al. (2012).
Highly sensitive and rapid profiling method for carotenoids and their epoxidized products using
supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass
spectrometry. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 6, 782–787.
Mazzeo, J. R., Neue, U. D., Kele, M., & Plumb, R. S. (2005). Advancing LC performance with
smaller particles and higher pressure. Analytical Chemistry, 77, 460A–467A.
McMillan, J. R., Watson, I. A., Ali, M., & Jaafar, W. (2013). Evaluation and comparison of algal
cell disruption methods: Microwave, water bath, blender, ultrasonic and laser treatment. Applied
Energy, 103, 128–134.
175
Jumaah, F., Plaza, M., Abrahamsson, V., Turner, C., & Sandahl, M. (2016). A fast and sensitive method for the separation of carotenoids using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid
chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 408, 5883–5894.
Kim, D.-Y., Vijayan, D., Praveenkumar, R., Han, J.-I., Lee, K., Park, J.-Y., et al. (2016). Cellwall disruption and lipid/astaxanthin extraction from microalgae: Chlorella and Haematococcus.
Bioresource Technology, 199, 300–310.
Kimura, M., Kobori, C. N., Rodriguez-Amaya, D. B., & Nestel, P. (2007). Screening and HPLC
methods for carotenoids in sweet potato, cassava and maize for plant breeding trials. Food
Chemistry, 100, 1734–1746.
Kitada, K., Machmudah, S., Sasaki, M., Goto, M., Nakashima, Y., Kumamoto, S., et al. (2009).
Supercritical CO 2 extraction of pigment components with pharmaceutical importance from
Chlorella vulgaris. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 84, 657–661.
Kobayashi, M., Kakizono, T., & Nagai, S. (1993). Enhanced carotenoid biosynthesis by oxidative
stress in acetate-induced cyst cells of a green unicellular alga, Haematococcus pluvialis. Applied
and Environmental Microbiology, 59, 867–873.
Küpper, H., Seibert, S., & Parameswaran, A. (2007). Fast, sensitive, and inexpensive alternative to
analytical pigment HPLC: Quantification of chlorophylls and carotenoids in crude extracts by
fitting with Gauss peak spectra. Analytical Chemistry, 79, 7611–7627.
Küpper, H., Spiller, M., & Küpper, F. C. (2000). Photometric method for the quantification of
chlorophylls and their derivatives in complex mixtures: Fitting with gauss-peak spectra. Analytical
Biochemistry, 286, 247–256.
Lai, Y. S., Parameswaran, P., Li, A., Baez, M., & Rittmann, B. E. (2014). Effects of pulsed electricfield treatment on enhancing lipid recovery from the microalga Scenedesmus. Bioresource
Technology, 173, 457–461.
Lesellier, E., West, C., & Tchapla, A. (2003). Advantages of the use of monolithic stationary
phases for modelling the retention in sub/supercritical chromatography. Application to cis/transβ-carotene separation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1018, 225–232.
Li, H., Deng, Z., Liu, R., Loewen, S., & Tsao, R. (2012). Ultra-performance liquid chromatographic
separation of geometric isomers of carotenoids and antioxidant activities of 20 tomato cultivars
and breeding lines. Food Chemistry, 132, 508–517.
Liau, B.-C., Shen, C.-T., Liang, F.-P., Hong, S.-E., Hsu, S.-L., Jong, T.-T., et al. (2010). Supercritical
fluids extraction and anti-solvent purification of carotenoids from microalgae and associated
bioactivity. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 55, 169–175.
Macías-Sánchez, M. D., Mantell, C., Rodríguez, M., Martínez de la Osa, E., Lubián, L. M.,
& Montero, O. (2007). Supercritical fluid extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll a from
Synechococcus sp. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 39, 323–329.
Mariutti, L. R. B., & Mercadante, A. Z. (2018). Carotenoid esters analysis and occurrence: What
do we know so far? Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 648, 36–43.
Maroneze, M. M., Jacob-Lopes, E., Zepka, L. Q., Roca, M., & Pérez-Gálvez, A. (2019). Esterified
carotenoids as new food components in cyanobacteria. Food Chemistry, 287, 295–302.
Marschall, M., & Proctor, M. C. F. (2004). Are bryophytes shade plants? Photosynthetic light
responses and proportions of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids. Annals of Botany,
94, 593–603.
Matsubara, A., Uchikata, T., Shinohara, M., Nishiumi, S., Yoshida, M., Fukusaki, E., et al. (2012).
Highly sensitive and rapid profiling method for carotenoids and their epoxidized products using
supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass
spectrometry. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 6, 782–787.
Mazzeo, J. R., Neue, U. D., Kele, M., & Plumb, R. S. (2005). Advancing LC performance with
smaller particles and higher pressure. Analytical Chemistry, 77, 460A–467A.
McMillan, J. R., Watson, I. A., Ali, M., & Jaafar, W. (2013). Evaluation and comparison of algal
cell disruption methods: Microwave, water bath, blender, ultrasonic and laser treatment. Applied
Energy, 103, 128–134.