7 Analytical Protocols in Carotenoid Analysis
173
Claustre, H., Hooker, S. B., van Heukelem, L., Berthon, J.-F., Barlow, R., Ras, J., et al. (2004). An
intercomparison of HPLC phytoplankton pigment methods using in situ samples: Application to
remote sensing and database activities. Marine Chemistry, 85, 41–61.
Cornish, M. L., & Garbary, D. J. (2010). Antioxidants from macroalgae: Potential applications in
human health and nutrition. Algae, 25, 155–171.
Crupi, P., Toci, A. T., Mangini, S., Wrubl, F., Rodolfi, L., Tredici, M. R., et al. (2013). Determination
of fucoxanthin isomers in microalgae (Isochrysis sp.) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector multistage mass spectrometry coupled with positive
electrospray ionization. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 27, 1027–1035.
de Rosso, V. V., & Mercadante, A. Z. (2007). Identification and quantification of carotenoids, by
HPLC-PDA-MS/MS, from Amazonian fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55,
5062–5072.
Dole, R. B. (1997). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry—Fundamentals, instrumentation
and applications. Chichester: Wiley.
Dugo, P., Herrero, M., Giuffrida, D., Kumm, T., Dugo, G., & Mondello, L. (2008a). Application
of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography to elucidate the native carotenoid
composition in red orange essential oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 3478–
3485.
Dugo, P., Herrero, M., Kumm, T., Giuffrida, D., Dugo, G., & Mondello, L. (2008b). Comprehensive
normal-phase x reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and mass
spectrometry detection for the analysis of free carotenoids and carotenoid esters from mandarin.
Journal of Chromatography A, 1189, 196–206.
Dugo, P., Skeriková, V., Kumm, T., Trozzi, A., Jandera, P., & Mondello, L. (2006). Elucidation of
carotenoid patterns in citrus products by means of comprehensive normal-phase x reversed-phase
liquid chromatography. Analytical Chemistry, 78, 7743–7750.
Enzell, C. R., & Wahlberg, I. (1980). Carotenoids. In: G. R. Waller, O. C. Dermer (Eds.), Biochemical
applications of mass spectrometry (pp. 407–438). New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Erdo˘ gan, A., Ça˘ gır, A., Dalay, M. C., & Ero˘ glu, A. E. (2015). Composition of carotenoids in
Scenedesmus protuberans: Application of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Food
Analytical Methods, 8, 1970–1978.
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification
of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226, 497–509.
Frassanito, R., Cantonati, M., Flaim, G., Mancini, I., & Guella, G., (2008). A new method for
the identification and the structural characterisation of carotenoid esters in fresh water microorganisms by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid
Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 22, 3531–3539.
Frassanito, R., Cantonati, M., Tardìo, M., Mancini, I., & Guella, G. (2005). On-line identification of secondary metabolites in freshwater microalgae and cyanobacteria by combined
liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection-mass spectrometric techniques. Journal of
Chromatography A, 1082, 33–42.
Fu, W., Magnúsdóttir, M., Brynjólfson, S., Palsson, B. O., & Paglia, G. (2012). UPLC-UV-MS E
analysis for quantification and identification of major carotenoid and chlorophyll species in algae.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 404, 3145–3154.
Gaysinski, M., Ortalo-Magné, A., Thomas, O. P., & Culioli, G. (2015). Extraction, purification,
and NMR analysis of terpenes from brown algae. In D. B. Stengel & S. Connan (Eds.), Natural
products from marine algae (pp. 207–223). New York: Springer.
Giuffrida, D., Zoccali, M., Arigò, A., Cacciola, F., Roa, C. O., Dugo, P., et al. (2018a). Comparison
of different analytical techniques for the analysis of carotenoids in tamarillo (Solanum betaceum
Cav.). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 646, 161–167.
Giuffrida, D., Donato, P., Dugo, P., & Mondello, L. (2018b). Recent analytical techniques advances
in the carotenoids and their derivative determination in various matrices. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry, 66, 3302–3307.
173
Claustre, H., Hooker, S. B., van Heukelem, L., Berthon, J.-F., Barlow, R., Ras, J., et al. (2004). An
intercomparison of HPLC phytoplankton pigment methods using in situ samples: Application to
remote sensing and database activities. Marine Chemistry, 85, 41–61.
Cornish, M. L., & Garbary, D. J. (2010). Antioxidants from macroalgae: Potential applications in
human health and nutrition. Algae, 25, 155–171.
Crupi, P., Toci, A. T., Mangini, S., Wrubl, F., Rodolfi, L., Tredici, M. R., et al. (2013). Determination
of fucoxanthin isomers in microalgae (Isochrysis sp.) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector multistage mass spectrometry coupled with positive
electrospray ionization. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 27, 1027–1035.
de Rosso, V. V., & Mercadante, A. Z. (2007). Identification and quantification of carotenoids, by
HPLC-PDA-MS/MS, from Amazonian fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55,
5062–5072.
Dole, R. B. (1997). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry—Fundamentals, instrumentation
and applications. Chichester: Wiley.
Dugo, P., Herrero, M., Giuffrida, D., Kumm, T., Dugo, G., & Mondello, L. (2008a). Application
of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography to elucidate the native carotenoid
composition in red orange essential oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 3478–
3485.
Dugo, P., Herrero, M., Kumm, T., Giuffrida, D., Dugo, G., & Mondello, L. (2008b). Comprehensive
normal-phase x reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and mass
spectrometry detection for the analysis of free carotenoids and carotenoid esters from mandarin.
Journal of Chromatography A, 1189, 196–206.
Dugo, P., Skeriková, V., Kumm, T., Trozzi, A., Jandera, P., & Mondello, L. (2006). Elucidation of
carotenoid patterns in citrus products by means of comprehensive normal-phase x reversed-phase
liquid chromatography. Analytical Chemistry, 78, 7743–7750.
Enzell, C. R., & Wahlberg, I. (1980). Carotenoids. In: G. R. Waller, O. C. Dermer (Eds.), Biochemical
applications of mass spectrometry (pp. 407–438). New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Erdo˘ gan, A., Ça˘ gır, A., Dalay, M. C., & Ero˘ glu, A. E. (2015). Composition of carotenoids in
Scenedesmus protuberans: Application of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Food
Analytical Methods, 8, 1970–1978.
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification
of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226, 497–509.
Frassanito, R., Cantonati, M., Flaim, G., Mancini, I., & Guella, G., (2008). A new method for
the identification and the structural characterisation of carotenoid esters in fresh water microorganisms by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid
Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 22, 3531–3539.
Frassanito, R., Cantonati, M., Tardìo, M., Mancini, I., & Guella, G. (2005). On-line identification of secondary metabolites in freshwater microalgae and cyanobacteria by combined
liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection-mass spectrometric techniques. Journal of
Chromatography A, 1082, 33–42.
Fu, W., Magnúsdóttir, M., Brynjólfson, S., Palsson, B. O., & Paglia, G. (2012). UPLC-UV-MS E
analysis for quantification and identification of major carotenoid and chlorophyll species in algae.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 404, 3145–3154.
Gaysinski, M., Ortalo-Magné, A., Thomas, O. P., & Culioli, G. (2015). Extraction, purification,
and NMR analysis of terpenes from brown algae. In D. B. Stengel & S. Connan (Eds.), Natural
products from marine algae (pp. 207–223). New York: Springer.
Giuffrida, D., Zoccali, M., Arigò, A., Cacciola, F., Roa, C. O., Dugo, P., et al. (2018a). Comparison
of different analytical techniques for the analysis of carotenoids in tamarillo (Solanum betaceum
Cav.). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 646, 161–167.
Giuffrida, D., Donato, P., Dugo, P., & Mondello, L. (2018b). Recent analytical techniques advances
in the carotenoids and their derivative determination in various matrices. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry, 66, 3302–3307.