References
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Organization and execution of the epithelial
polarity programme. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
15(4):225–242. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nrm3775
2. Campbell K, Casanova J (2016) A common
framework for EMT and collective cell migration. Development 143(23):4291–4300.
https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.139071
3. Huang RY, Guilford P, Thiery JP (2012)
Early events in cell adhesion and polarity during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell
Sci 125(Pt 19):4417–4422. https://doi.org/
10.1242/jcs.099697
4. Pei D, Shu X, Gassama-Diagne A, Thiery JP
(2019) Mesenchymal-epithelial transition in
development and reprogramming. Nat Cell
Biol
21(1):44–53.
https://doi.org/10.
1038/s41556-018-0195-z
5. Takai Y, Nakanishi H (2003) Nectin and afadin: novel organizers of intercellular junctions. J Cell Sci 116(Pt 1):17–27
6. Rikitake Y, Mandai K, Takai Y (2012) The
role of nectins in different types of cell-cell
adhesion. J Cell Sci 125(Pt 16):3713–3722.
https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.099572
7. Roignot J, Peng X, Mostov K (2013) Polarity
in mammalian epithelial morphogenesis. Cold
Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5(2). https://doi.
org/10.1101/cshperspect.a013789
8. Nakaya Y, Sukowati EW, Wu Y, Sheng G
(2008) RhoA and microtubule dynamics control cell-basement membrane interaction in
EMT during gastrulation. Nat Cell Biol 10
(7):765–775.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
ncb1739
9. Eckert JJ, Fleming TP (2008) Tight junction
biogenesis during early development. Biochim Biophys Acta 1778(3):717–728.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.
09.031
10. Frisch SM (1997) The epithelial cell defaultphenotype hypothesis and its implications for
cancer. Bioessays 19(8):705–709. https://
doi.org/10.1002/bies.950190811
11. Acloque H, Adams MS, Fishwick K, BronnerFraser M, Nieto MA (2009) Epithelialmesenchymal transitions: the importance of
changing cell state in development and disease. J Clin Invest 119(6):1438–1449.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI38019
12. McMahon AP (2016) Development of the
mammalian kidney. Curr Top Dev Biol
117:31–64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.
ctdb.2015.10.010
13. Inman JL, Robertson C, Mott JD, Bissell MJ
(2015) Mammary gland development: cell
fate specification, stem cells and the microenvironment.
Development
142
(6):1028–1042. https://doi.org/10.1242/
dev.087643
14. Ewald AJ, Huebner RJ, Palsdottir H, Lee JK,
Perez MJ, Jorgens DM, Tauscher AN,
Cheung KJ, Werb Z, Auer M (2012) Mammary collective cell migration involves transient loss of epithelial features and individual
cell migration within the epithelium. J Cell Sci
125(Pt 11):2638–2654. https://doi.org/10.
1242/jcs.096875
15. Perez-Pomares JM, Munoz-Chapuli R
(2002) Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions: a
mesodermal cell strategy for evolutive innovation in metazoans. Anat Rec 268
(3):343–351. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.
10165
16. Carninci P, Sandelin A, Lenhard B,
Katayama S, Shimokawa K, Ponjavic J, Semple
CA, Taylor MS, Engstrom PG, Frith MC,
Forrest AR, Alkema WB, Tan SL, Plessy C,
Kodzius R, Ravasi T, Kasukawa T, Fukuda S,
Kanamori-Katayama
M, Kitazume
Y,
Kawaji H, Kai C, Nakamura M, Konno H,
Nakano K, Mottagui-Tabar S, Arner P,
Chesi A, Gustincich S, Persichetti F,
Suzuki H, Grimmond SM, Wells CA,
Orlando V, Wahlestedt C, Liu ET,
Harbers M, Kawai J, Bajic VB, Hume DA,
Hayashizaki Y (2006) Genome-wide analysis
of mammalian promoter architecture and evolution. Nat Genet 38(6):626–635. https://
doi.org/10.1038/ng1789
17. Behrens J, Lowrick O, Klein-Hitpass L, Birchmeier W (1991) The E-cadherin promoter:
functional analysis of a G.C-rich region and
an epithelial cell-specific palindromic regulatory element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88
(24):11495–11499.
https://doi.org/10.
1073/pnas.88.24.11495
18. Ringwald M, Baribault H, Schmidt C, Kemler
R (1991) The structure of the gene coding for
the mouse cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin. Nucleic Acids Res 19(23):6533–6539.
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.23.6533
19. Bussemakers
MJ,
Giroldi
LA,
van
Bokhoven A, Schalken JA (1994) Transcriptional regulation of the human E-cadherin
gene in human prostate cancer cell lines: characterization of the human E-cadherin gene
promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun
203(2):1284–1290
56
John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt and Katja Ro ¨ per
1. Rodriguez-Boulan E, Macara IG (2014)
Organization and execution of the epithelial
polarity programme. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
15(4):225–242. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nrm3775
2. Campbell K, Casanova J (2016) A common
framework for EMT and collective cell migration. Development 143(23):4291–4300.
https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.139071
3. Huang RY, Guilford P, Thiery JP (2012)
Early events in cell adhesion and polarity during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell
Sci 125(Pt 19):4417–4422. https://doi.org/
10.1242/jcs.099697
4. Pei D, Shu X, Gassama-Diagne A, Thiery JP
(2019) Mesenchymal-epithelial transition in
development and reprogramming. Nat Cell
Biol
21(1):44–53.
https://doi.org/10.
1038/s41556-018-0195-z
5. Takai Y, Nakanishi H (2003) Nectin and afadin: novel organizers of intercellular junctions. J Cell Sci 116(Pt 1):17–27
6. Rikitake Y, Mandai K, Takai Y (2012) The
role of nectins in different types of cell-cell
adhesion. J Cell Sci 125(Pt 16):3713–3722.
https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.099572
7. Roignot J, Peng X, Mostov K (2013) Polarity
in mammalian epithelial morphogenesis. Cold
Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5(2). https://doi.
org/10.1101/cshperspect.a013789
8. Nakaya Y, Sukowati EW, Wu Y, Sheng G
(2008) RhoA and microtubule dynamics control cell-basement membrane interaction in
EMT during gastrulation. Nat Cell Biol 10
(7):765–775.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
ncb1739
9. Eckert JJ, Fleming TP (2008) Tight junction
biogenesis during early development. Biochim Biophys Acta 1778(3):717–728.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.
09.031
10. Frisch SM (1997) The epithelial cell defaultphenotype hypothesis and its implications for
cancer. Bioessays 19(8):705–709. https://
doi.org/10.1002/bies.950190811
11. Acloque H, Adams MS, Fishwick K, BronnerFraser M, Nieto MA (2009) Epithelialmesenchymal transitions: the importance of
changing cell state in development and disease. J Clin Invest 119(6):1438–1449.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI38019
12. McMahon AP (2016) Development of the
mammalian kidney. Curr Top Dev Biol
117:31–64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.
ctdb.2015.10.010
13. Inman JL, Robertson C, Mott JD, Bissell MJ
(2015) Mammary gland development: cell
fate specification, stem cells and the microenvironment.
Development
142
(6):1028–1042. https://doi.org/10.1242/
dev.087643
14. Ewald AJ, Huebner RJ, Palsdottir H, Lee JK,
Perez MJ, Jorgens DM, Tauscher AN,
Cheung KJ, Werb Z, Auer M (2012) Mammary collective cell migration involves transient loss of epithelial features and individual
cell migration within the epithelium. J Cell Sci
125(Pt 11):2638–2654. https://doi.org/10.
1242/jcs.096875
15. Perez-Pomares JM, Munoz-Chapuli R
(2002) Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions: a
mesodermal cell strategy for evolutive innovation in metazoans. Anat Rec 268
(3):343–351. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.
10165
16. Carninci P, Sandelin A, Lenhard B,
Katayama S, Shimokawa K, Ponjavic J, Semple
CA, Taylor MS, Engstrom PG, Frith MC,
Forrest AR, Alkema WB, Tan SL, Plessy C,
Kodzius R, Ravasi T, Kasukawa T, Fukuda S,
Kanamori-Katayama
M, Kitazume
Y,
Kawaji H, Kai C, Nakamura M, Konno H,
Nakano K, Mottagui-Tabar S, Arner P,
Chesi A, Gustincich S, Persichetti F,
Suzuki H, Grimmond SM, Wells CA,
Orlando V, Wahlestedt C, Liu ET,
Harbers M, Kawai J, Bajic VB, Hume DA,
Hayashizaki Y (2006) Genome-wide analysis
of mammalian promoter architecture and evolution. Nat Genet 38(6):626–635. https://
doi.org/10.1038/ng1789
17. Behrens J, Lowrick O, Klein-Hitpass L, Birchmeier W (1991) The E-cadherin promoter:
functional analysis of a G.C-rich region and
an epithelial cell-specific palindromic regulatory element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88
(24):11495–11499.
https://doi.org/10.
1073/pnas.88.24.11495
18. Ringwald M, Baribault H, Schmidt C, Kemler
R (1991) The structure of the gene coding for
the mouse cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin. Nucleic Acids Res 19(23):6533–6539.
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.23.6533
19. Bussemakers
MJ,
Giroldi
LA,
van
Bokhoven A, Schalken JA (1994) Transcriptional regulation of the human E-cadherin
gene in human prostate cancer cell lines: characterization of the human E-cadherin gene
promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun
203(2):1284–1290
56
John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt and Katja Ro ¨ per