224
A. Fainsod et al.
Sive HL, Hattori K, Weintraub H (1989) Progressive determination during formation of the
anteroposterior axis in Xenopus laevis. Cell 58:171–180
Smith DF, Sandor GG, MacLeod PM, Tredwell S, Wood B, Newman DE (1981) Intrinsic defects in
the fetal alcohol syndrome: studies on 76 cases from British Columbia and the Yukon Territory.
Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 3:145–152
Sokol RJ, Delaney-Black V, Nordstrom B (2003) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. J Am Med Assoc
290:2996–2999
Sonneveld E, van den Brink CE, van der Leede BM, Schulkes RK, Petkovich M, van der Burg B,
van der Saag PT (1998) Human retinoic acid (RA) 4-hydroxylase (CYP26) is highly specific for
all-trans-RA and can be induced through RA receptors in human breast and colon carcinoma
cells. Cell Growth Differ 9:629–637
Sosnik J, Zheng L, Rackauckas CV, Digman M, Gratton E, Nie Q, Schilling TF (2016) Noise
modulation in retinoic acid signaling sharpens segmental boundaries of gene expression in the
embryonic zebrafish hindbrain eLife 5:e14034
Sreenathan RN, Singh S, Padmanabhan R (1984) Effect of acetaldehyde on skeletogenesis in rats.
Drug Alcohol Depend 14:165–174
Stockard CR (1910) The influence of alcohol and other anaesthetics on embryonic development.
Am J Anat 10:369–392
Stoler JM, Ryan LM, Holmes LB (2002) Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 genotypes, maternal alcohol
use, and infant outcome. J Pediatr 141:780–785
Strate I, Min TH, Iliev D, Pera EM (2009) Retinol dehydrogenase 10 is a feedback regulator
of retinoic acid signalling during axis formation and patterning of the central nervous system.
Development 136:461–472
Streissguth AP, Dehaene P (1993) Fetal alcohol syndrome in twins of alcoholic mothers:
concordance of diagnosis and IQ. Am J Med Genet 47:857–861
Swindell EC, Thaller C, Sockanathan S, Petkovich M, Jessell TM, Eichele G (1999) Complementary
domains of retinoic acid production and degradation in the early chick embryo. Dev Biol 216:282–
296
Tai M, Piskorski A, Kao JCW, Hess LA, de la Monte SM, Gündo˘ gan F (2017) Placental morphology
in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol Alcohol 52:138–144
Tan CH, Denny CH, Cheal NE, Sniezek JE, Kanny D (2015) Alcohol Use and Binge Drinking
Among Women of Childbearing Age — United States, 2011–2013. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
64:1042–1046
Tsukahara M, Kajii T (1988) Severe skeletal dysplasias following intrauterine exposure to ethanol.
Teratology 37:79–80
Tsukamoto S, Muto T, Nagoya T, Shimamura M, Saito M, Tainaka H (1989) Determinations of
ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in blood and urine during alcohol oxidation in man. Alcohol
Alcohol (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 24:101–108
Tuma DJ, Hoffman T, Sorrell MF (1991) The chemistry of acetaldehyde-protein adducts. Alcohol
Alcohol (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Suppl 1:271–276
Twal WO, Zile MH (1997) Retinoic acid reverses ethanol-induced cardiovascular abnormalities in
quail embryos. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 21:1137–1143
Underwood BA (1994) Maternal vitamin A status and its importance in infancy and early childhood.
Am J Clin Nutr 59:517S-522S. Discussion 522S
Van Thiel DH, Gavaler J, Lester R (1974) Ethanol inhibition of vitamin A metabolism in the testes:
possible mechanism for sterility in alcoholics. Science (New York, NY) 186:941–942
Vermot J, Niederreither K, Garnier J-M, Chambon P, Dollé P (2003) Decreased embryonic retinoic
acid synthesis results in a DiGeorge syndrome phenotype in newborn mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA 100:1763–1768
Viljoen DL, Carr LG, Foroud TM, Brooke L, Ramsay M, Li TK (2001) Alcohol dehydrogenase-2*2
allele is associated with decreased prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in the mixed-ancestry
population of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25:1719–1722
A. Fainsod et al.
Sive HL, Hattori K, Weintraub H (1989) Progressive determination during formation of the
anteroposterior axis in Xenopus laevis. Cell 58:171–180
Smith DF, Sandor GG, MacLeod PM, Tredwell S, Wood B, Newman DE (1981) Intrinsic defects in
the fetal alcohol syndrome: studies on 76 cases from British Columbia and the Yukon Territory.
Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 3:145–152
Sokol RJ, Delaney-Black V, Nordstrom B (2003) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. J Am Med Assoc
290:2996–2999
Sonneveld E, van den Brink CE, van der Leede BM, Schulkes RK, Petkovich M, van der Burg B,
van der Saag PT (1998) Human retinoic acid (RA) 4-hydroxylase (CYP26) is highly specific for
all-trans-RA and can be induced through RA receptors in human breast and colon carcinoma
cells. Cell Growth Differ 9:629–637
Sosnik J, Zheng L, Rackauckas CV, Digman M, Gratton E, Nie Q, Schilling TF (2016) Noise
modulation in retinoic acid signaling sharpens segmental boundaries of gene expression in the
embryonic zebrafish hindbrain eLife 5:e14034
Sreenathan RN, Singh S, Padmanabhan R (1984) Effect of acetaldehyde on skeletogenesis in rats.
Drug Alcohol Depend 14:165–174
Stockard CR (1910) The influence of alcohol and other anaesthetics on embryonic development.
Am J Anat 10:369–392
Stoler JM, Ryan LM, Holmes LB (2002) Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 genotypes, maternal alcohol
use, and infant outcome. J Pediatr 141:780–785
Strate I, Min TH, Iliev D, Pera EM (2009) Retinol dehydrogenase 10 is a feedback regulator
of retinoic acid signalling during axis formation and patterning of the central nervous system.
Development 136:461–472
Streissguth AP, Dehaene P (1993) Fetal alcohol syndrome in twins of alcoholic mothers:
concordance of diagnosis and IQ. Am J Med Genet 47:857–861
Swindell EC, Thaller C, Sockanathan S, Petkovich M, Jessell TM, Eichele G (1999) Complementary
domains of retinoic acid production and degradation in the early chick embryo. Dev Biol 216:282–
296
Tai M, Piskorski A, Kao JCW, Hess LA, de la Monte SM, Gündo˘ gan F (2017) Placental morphology
in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol Alcohol 52:138–144
Tan CH, Denny CH, Cheal NE, Sniezek JE, Kanny D (2015) Alcohol Use and Binge Drinking
Among Women of Childbearing Age — United States, 2011–2013. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
64:1042–1046
Tsukahara M, Kajii T (1988) Severe skeletal dysplasias following intrauterine exposure to ethanol.
Teratology 37:79–80
Tsukamoto S, Muto T, Nagoya T, Shimamura M, Saito M, Tainaka H (1989) Determinations of
ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in blood and urine during alcohol oxidation in man. Alcohol
Alcohol (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 24:101–108
Tuma DJ, Hoffman T, Sorrell MF (1991) The chemistry of acetaldehyde-protein adducts. Alcohol
Alcohol (Oxford, Oxfordshire) Suppl 1:271–276
Twal WO, Zile MH (1997) Retinoic acid reverses ethanol-induced cardiovascular abnormalities in
quail embryos. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 21:1137–1143
Underwood BA (1994) Maternal vitamin A status and its importance in infancy and early childhood.
Am J Clin Nutr 59:517S-522S. Discussion 522S
Van Thiel DH, Gavaler J, Lester R (1974) Ethanol inhibition of vitamin A metabolism in the testes:
possible mechanism for sterility in alcoholics. Science (New York, NY) 186:941–942
Vermot J, Niederreither K, Garnier J-M, Chambon P, Dollé P (2003) Decreased embryonic retinoic
acid synthesis results in a DiGeorge syndrome phenotype in newborn mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA 100:1763–1768
Viljoen DL, Carr LG, Foroud TM, Brooke L, Ramsay M, Li TK (2001) Alcohol dehydrogenase-2*2
allele is associated with decreased prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in the mixed-ancestry
population of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25:1719–1722