148
E. Perl and J. S. Waxman
von Gise A, Zhou B, Honor LB, Ma Q, Petryk A, Pu WT (2011) WT1 regulates epicardial epithelial
to mesenchymal transition through β-catenin and retinoic acid signaling pathways. Dev Biol
356:421–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.05.668
Wagner A, Regev A, Yosef N (2016) Revealing the vectors of cellular identity with single-cell
genomics. Nat Biotechnol 34:1145–1160. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3711
Wang S, Huang W, Castillo HA, Kane MA, Xavier-Neto J, Trainor PA, Moise AR (2018) Alterations
in retinoic acid signaling affect the development of the mouse coronary vasculature. Dev Dyn
247:976–991. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24639
Waxman JS, Keegan BR, Roberts RW, Poss KD, Yelon D (2008) Hoxb5b Acts Downstream of
Retinoic Acid Signaling in the Forelimb Field to Restrict Heart Field Potential in Zebrafish. Dev
Cell 15:923–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DEVCEL.2008.09.009
Waxman JS, Yelon D (2009) Increased Hox activity mimics the teratogenic effects of excess retinoic
acid signaling. Dev Dyn 238:1207–1213. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21951
Waxman JS, Yelon D (2007) Comparison of the expression patterns of newly identified zebrafish
retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors. Dev Dyn 236:587–595. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21049
Wendler CC, Schmoldt A, Flentke GR, Case LC, Quadro L, Blaner WS, Lough J, Smith SM (2003)
Increased Fibronectin Deposition in Embryonic Hearts of Retinol-Binding Protein-Null Mice.
Circ Res 92:920–928. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000069030.30886.8F
White RJ, Nie Q, Lander AD, Schilling TF (2007) Complex Regulation of cyp26a1 Creates a
Robust Retinoic Acid Gradient in the Zebrafish Embryo. PLoS Biol 5:e304. https://doi.org/10.
1371/journal.pbio.0050304
Wilson JG, Roth CB, Warkany J (1953) An analysis of the syndrome of malformations induced by
maternal vitamin a deficiency. Effects of restoration of vitamin a at various times during gestation.
Am J Anat. 92:189–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000920202
Wilson JG, Warkany J (1950a) Cardiac and aortic arch anomalies in the offspring of vitamin A
deficient rats correlated with similar human anomalies. Pediatrics 5:708–25
Wilson JG, Warkany J (1949) Aortic-arch and cardiac anomalies in the offspring of vitamin A
deficient rats. Am J Anat. 85:113–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000850106
Wilson JG, Warkany J (1950b) Congenital anomalies of heart and great vessels in offspring of
vitamin A-deficient rats. Am J Dis Child 79:963
Wittig J, Münsterberg A, Wittig JG, Münsterberg A (2016) The Early Stages of Heart Development: Insights from Chicken Embryos. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 3:12. https://doi.org/10.3390/
jcdd3020012
Wobus AM, Rohwedel J, Maltsev V, Hescheler J (1994) In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem
cells into cardiomyocytes or skeletal muscle cells is specifically modulated by retinoic acid.
Roux’s Arch Dev Biol. 204:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00744871
Wolbach SB, Howe PR (1925) Tissue changes following deprivation of fat-soluble A vitamin. J
Exp Med 42:753–77
Wu S pin, Cheng CM, Lanz RB, Wang T, Respress JL, Ather S, Chen W, Tsai SJ, Wehrens XHT,
Tsai MJ, Tsai SY (2013) Atrial Identity Is Determined by a COUP-TFII Regulatory Network.
Dev Cell. 25:417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2013.04.017
Xavier-Neto J, Neville C, Shapiro M, Houghton L, Wang G, Nikovits W, Stockdale F, Rosenthal
N (1999) A retinoic acid-inducible transgenic marker of sino-atrial development in the mouse
heart. Development. 126:2677–2687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.016
Xavier-Neto J, Shapiro MD, Houghton L, Rosenthal N (2000) Sequential programs of retinoic
acid synthesis in the myocardial and epicardial layers of the developing avian heart. Dev Biol
219:129–141. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1999.9588
Yagi H, Furutani Y, Hamada H, Sasaki T, Asakawa S, Minoshima S, Ichida F, Joo K, Kimura M,
Imamura S, Kamatani N, Momma K, Takao A, Nakazawa M, Shimizu N, Matsuoka R (2003)
Role of TBX1 in human del22q11.2 syndrome. Lancet. 362:1366–1373. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0140-6736(03)14632-6
E. Perl and J. S. Waxman
von Gise A, Zhou B, Honor LB, Ma Q, Petryk A, Pu WT (2011) WT1 regulates epicardial epithelial
to mesenchymal transition through β-catenin and retinoic acid signaling pathways. Dev Biol
356:421–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.05.668
Wagner A, Regev A, Yosef N (2016) Revealing the vectors of cellular identity with single-cell
genomics. Nat Biotechnol 34:1145–1160. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3711
Wang S, Huang W, Castillo HA, Kane MA, Xavier-Neto J, Trainor PA, Moise AR (2018) Alterations
in retinoic acid signaling affect the development of the mouse coronary vasculature. Dev Dyn
247:976–991. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24639
Waxman JS, Keegan BR, Roberts RW, Poss KD, Yelon D (2008) Hoxb5b Acts Downstream of
Retinoic Acid Signaling in the Forelimb Field to Restrict Heart Field Potential in Zebrafish. Dev
Cell 15:923–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DEVCEL.2008.09.009
Waxman JS, Yelon D (2009) Increased Hox activity mimics the teratogenic effects of excess retinoic
acid signaling. Dev Dyn 238:1207–1213. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21951
Waxman JS, Yelon D (2007) Comparison of the expression patterns of newly identified zebrafish
retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors. Dev Dyn 236:587–595. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21049
Wendler CC, Schmoldt A, Flentke GR, Case LC, Quadro L, Blaner WS, Lough J, Smith SM (2003)
Increased Fibronectin Deposition in Embryonic Hearts of Retinol-Binding Protein-Null Mice.
Circ Res 92:920–928. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000069030.30886.8F
White RJ, Nie Q, Lander AD, Schilling TF (2007) Complex Regulation of cyp26a1 Creates a
Robust Retinoic Acid Gradient in the Zebrafish Embryo. PLoS Biol 5:e304. https://doi.org/10.
1371/journal.pbio.0050304
Wilson JG, Roth CB, Warkany J (1953) An analysis of the syndrome of malformations induced by
maternal vitamin a deficiency. Effects of restoration of vitamin a at various times during gestation.
Am J Anat. 92:189–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000920202
Wilson JG, Warkany J (1950a) Cardiac and aortic arch anomalies in the offspring of vitamin A
deficient rats correlated with similar human anomalies. Pediatrics 5:708–25
Wilson JG, Warkany J (1949) Aortic-arch and cardiac anomalies in the offspring of vitamin A
deficient rats. Am J Anat. 85:113–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000850106
Wilson JG, Warkany J (1950b) Congenital anomalies of heart and great vessels in offspring of
vitamin A-deficient rats. Am J Dis Child 79:963
Wittig J, Münsterberg A, Wittig JG, Münsterberg A (2016) The Early Stages of Heart Development: Insights from Chicken Embryos. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 3:12. https://doi.org/10.3390/
jcdd3020012
Wobus AM, Rohwedel J, Maltsev V, Hescheler J (1994) In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem
cells into cardiomyocytes or skeletal muscle cells is specifically modulated by retinoic acid.
Roux’s Arch Dev Biol. 204:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00744871
Wolbach SB, Howe PR (1925) Tissue changes following deprivation of fat-soluble A vitamin. J
Exp Med 42:753–77
Wu S pin, Cheng CM, Lanz RB, Wang T, Respress JL, Ather S, Chen W, Tsai SJ, Wehrens XHT,
Tsai MJ, Tsai SY (2013) Atrial Identity Is Determined by a COUP-TFII Regulatory Network.
Dev Cell. 25:417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2013.04.017
Xavier-Neto J, Neville C, Shapiro M, Houghton L, Wang G, Nikovits W, Stockdale F, Rosenthal
N (1999) A retinoic acid-inducible transgenic marker of sino-atrial development in the mouse
heart. Development. 126:2677–2687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.016
Xavier-Neto J, Shapiro MD, Houghton L, Rosenthal N (2000) Sequential programs of retinoic
acid synthesis in the myocardial and epicardial layers of the developing avian heart. Dev Biol
219:129–141. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1999.9588
Yagi H, Furutani Y, Hamada H, Sasaki T, Asakawa S, Minoshima S, Ichida F, Joo K, Kimura M,
Imamura S, Kamatani N, Momma K, Takao A, Nakazawa M, Shimizu N, Matsuoka R (2003)
Role of TBX1 in human del22q11.2 syndrome. Lancet. 362:1366–1373. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0140-6736(03)14632-6