142
E. Perl and J. S. Waxman
Finnell RH, Shaw GM, Lammer EJ, Brandl KL, Carmichael SL, Rosenquist TH (2004) Gene–
nutrient interactions: importance of folates and retinoids during early embryogenesis. Toxicol
Appl Pharmacol 198:75–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TAAP.2003.09.031
Gassanov N, Er F, Zagidullin N, Jankowski M, Gutkowska J, Hoppe UC (2008) Retinoid acidinduced effects on atrial and pacemaker cell differentiation and expression of cardiac ion channels.
Differentiation. 76:971–980. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-0436.2008.00283.x
Ghyselinck N, Wendling O, … NM-D, 1998 U. Contribution of retinoic acid receptor β isoforms to
the formation of the conotruncal septum of the embryonic heart. Dev Biol. 1998; 198:303–318
Gliniak CM, Brown JM, Noy N (2017) The retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6 regulates diurnal
insulin responses. J Biol Chem 292:15080–15093. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M117.782334
Golzio C, Martinovic-Bouriel J, Thomas S, Mougou-Zrelli S, Grattagliano-Bessières B, Bonnière
M, Delahaye S, Munnich A, Encha-Razavi F, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M, Attié-Bitach T, Etchevers
HC (2007) Matthew-Wood Syndrome Is Caused by Truncating Mutations in the Retinol-Binding
Protein Receptor Gene STRA6. Am J Hum Genet 80:1179–1187. https://doi.org/10.1086/518177
Gruber PJ, Kubalak SW, Pexieder T, Sucov HM, Evans RM, Chien KR (1996) RXR alpha deficiency
confers genetic susceptibility for aortic sac, conotruncal, atrioventricular cushion, and ventricular
muscle defects in mice. J Clin Invest. 98:1332–43. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118920
Guadix JA, Ruiz-Villalba A, Lettice L, Velecela V, Munoz-Chapuli R, Hastie ND, Perez-Pomares
JM, Martinez-Estrada OM (2011) Wt1 controls retinoic acid signalling in embryonic epicardium
through transcriptional activation of Raldh2. Development. 138:1093–1097. https://doi.org/10.
1242/dev.044594
Guris DL, Duester G, Papaioannou VE, Imamoto A (2006) Dose-Dependent Interaction of Tbx1 and
Crkl and Locally Aberrant RA Signaling in a Model of del22q11 Syndrome. Dev Cell 10:81–92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2005.12.002
Hale F (1935) The Relation of Vitamin a to Anophthalmos in Pigs. Am J Ophthalmol 18:1087–1093.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9394(35)90563-3
Heine UI, Roberts AB, Munoz EF, Roche NS, Sporn MB (1985) Effects of retinoid deficiency on
the development of the heart and vascular system of the quail embryo. Virchows Arch B Cell
Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 50:135–52
Hempel A, Kühl M, Hempel A, Kühl M (2016) A Matter of the Heart: The African Clawed Frog
Xenopus as a Model for Studying Vertebrate Cardiogenesis and Congenital Heart Defects. J
Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 3:21. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd3020021
Hernandez RE, Putzke AP, Myers JP, Margaretha L, Moens CB (2007) Cyp26 enzymes generate the
retinoic acid response pattern necessary for hindbrain development. Development. 134:177–187.
https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.02706
Hochgreb T, Linhares VL, Menezes DC, Sampaio AC, Yan CYI, Cardoso WV, Rosenthal N, XavierNeto J (2003) A caudorostral wave of RALDH2 conveys anteroposterior information to the cardiac
field. Development. 130:5363–74. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.00750
Huang D, Chen S, Langston A, Gudas L (1998) A conserved retinoic acid responsive element in the
murine Hoxb-1 gene is required for expression in the developing gut. Development. 125:3235–
3246
Isken A, Golczak M, Oberhauser V, Hunzelmann S, Driever W, Imanishi Y, Palczewski K, von Lintig
J (2008) RBP4 Disrupts Vitamin A Uptake Homeostasis in a STRA6-Deficient Animal Model for
Matthew-Wood Syndrome. Cell Metab 7:258–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.01.009
Isken A, Holzschuh J, Lampert JM, Fischer L, Oberhauser V, Palczewski K, von Lintig J (2007)
Sequestration of Retinyl Esters Is Essential for Retinoid Signaling in the Zebrafish Embryo. J
Biol Chem 282:1144–1151. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M609109200
Itou J, Oishi I, Kawakami H, Glass TJ, Richter J, Johnson A, Lund TC, Kawakami Y (2012)
Migration of cardiomyocytes is essential for heart regeneration in zebrafish. Development.
139:4133–4142. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.079756
Jonk LJC, de Jonge MEJ, Vervaart JMA, Wissink S, Kruijer W (1994) Isolation and Developmental
Expression of Retinoic-Acid-Induced Genes. Dev Biol 161:604–614. https://doi.org/10.1006/
DBIO.1994.1056
E. Perl and J. S. Waxman
Finnell RH, Shaw GM, Lammer EJ, Brandl KL, Carmichael SL, Rosenquist TH (2004) Gene–
nutrient interactions: importance of folates and retinoids during early embryogenesis. Toxicol
Appl Pharmacol 198:75–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TAAP.2003.09.031
Gassanov N, Er F, Zagidullin N, Jankowski M, Gutkowska J, Hoppe UC (2008) Retinoid acidinduced effects on atrial and pacemaker cell differentiation and expression of cardiac ion channels.
Differentiation. 76:971–980. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-0436.2008.00283.x
Ghyselinck N, Wendling O, … NM-D, 1998 U. Contribution of retinoic acid receptor β isoforms to
the formation of the conotruncal septum of the embryonic heart. Dev Biol. 1998; 198:303–318
Gliniak CM, Brown JM, Noy N (2017) The retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6 regulates diurnal
insulin responses. J Biol Chem 292:15080–15093. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M117.782334
Golzio C, Martinovic-Bouriel J, Thomas S, Mougou-Zrelli S, Grattagliano-Bessières B, Bonnière
M, Delahaye S, Munnich A, Encha-Razavi F, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M, Attié-Bitach T, Etchevers
HC (2007) Matthew-Wood Syndrome Is Caused by Truncating Mutations in the Retinol-Binding
Protein Receptor Gene STRA6. Am J Hum Genet 80:1179–1187. https://doi.org/10.1086/518177
Gruber PJ, Kubalak SW, Pexieder T, Sucov HM, Evans RM, Chien KR (1996) RXR alpha deficiency
confers genetic susceptibility for aortic sac, conotruncal, atrioventricular cushion, and ventricular
muscle defects in mice. J Clin Invest. 98:1332–43. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118920
Guadix JA, Ruiz-Villalba A, Lettice L, Velecela V, Munoz-Chapuli R, Hastie ND, Perez-Pomares
JM, Martinez-Estrada OM (2011) Wt1 controls retinoic acid signalling in embryonic epicardium
through transcriptional activation of Raldh2. Development. 138:1093–1097. https://doi.org/10.
1242/dev.044594
Guris DL, Duester G, Papaioannou VE, Imamoto A (2006) Dose-Dependent Interaction of Tbx1 and
Crkl and Locally Aberrant RA Signaling in a Model of del22q11 Syndrome. Dev Cell 10:81–92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2005.12.002
Hale F (1935) The Relation of Vitamin a to Anophthalmos in Pigs. Am J Ophthalmol 18:1087–1093.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9394(35)90563-3
Heine UI, Roberts AB, Munoz EF, Roche NS, Sporn MB (1985) Effects of retinoid deficiency on
the development of the heart and vascular system of the quail embryo. Virchows Arch B Cell
Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 50:135–52
Hempel A, Kühl M, Hempel A, Kühl M (2016) A Matter of the Heart: The African Clawed Frog
Xenopus as a Model for Studying Vertebrate Cardiogenesis and Congenital Heart Defects. J
Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 3:21. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd3020021
Hernandez RE, Putzke AP, Myers JP, Margaretha L, Moens CB (2007) Cyp26 enzymes generate the
retinoic acid response pattern necessary for hindbrain development. Development. 134:177–187.
https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.02706
Hochgreb T, Linhares VL, Menezes DC, Sampaio AC, Yan CYI, Cardoso WV, Rosenthal N, XavierNeto J (2003) A caudorostral wave of RALDH2 conveys anteroposterior information to the cardiac
field. Development. 130:5363–74. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.00750
Huang D, Chen S, Langston A, Gudas L (1998) A conserved retinoic acid responsive element in the
murine Hoxb-1 gene is required for expression in the developing gut. Development. 125:3235–
3246
Isken A, Golczak M, Oberhauser V, Hunzelmann S, Driever W, Imanishi Y, Palczewski K, von Lintig
J (2008) RBP4 Disrupts Vitamin A Uptake Homeostasis in a STRA6-Deficient Animal Model for
Matthew-Wood Syndrome. Cell Metab 7:258–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.01.009
Isken A, Holzschuh J, Lampert JM, Fischer L, Oberhauser V, Palczewski K, von Lintig J (2007)
Sequestration of Retinyl Esters Is Essential for Retinoid Signaling in the Zebrafish Embryo. J
Biol Chem 282:1144–1151. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M609109200
Itou J, Oishi I, Kawakami H, Glass TJ, Richter J, Johnson A, Lund TC, Kawakami Y (2012)
Migration of cardiomyocytes is essential for heart regeneration in zebrafish. Development.
139:4133–4142. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.079756
Jonk LJC, de Jonge MEJ, Vervaart JMA, Wissink S, Kruijer W (1994) Isolation and Developmental
Expression of Retinoic-Acid-Induced Genes. Dev Biol 161:604–614. https://doi.org/10.1006/
DBIO.1994.1056