300
A. Palazzolo et al.
3. Asensio JM, Bouzouita D, van Leeuwen PWNM, Chaudret B (2020) σ-H–H, σ-C–H, and
σ-Si–H bond activation catalyzed by metal nanoparticles. Chem Rev 120:1042–1084. https://
doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1029b00368
4. Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M (2018) Deuterium- and tritium-labelled compounds:
applications in the life sciences. Angew Chem Int Ed 57:1758–1784
5. Urey HC, Brickwedde FG, Murphy GM (1932) A hydrogen isotope of mass 2. Phys Rev
39:164–165
6. O’Leary D (2012) The deeds to deuterium. Nat Chem 4:236
7. Oliphant ML, Harteck P (1934) Rutherford transmutation effects observed with heavy
hydrogen. Nature 133:413
8. Lucas LL, Unterweger MP (2000) Comprehensive review and critical evaluation of the half-life
of tritium. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 105:541–549
9. Atkins PW, De Paula J (2014) Atkins’ physical chemistry
10. Wiberg KB (1955) The deuterium isotope effect. Chem Rev 55:713–743
11. Westheimer FH (1961) The magnitude of the primary kinetic isotope effect for compounds of
hydrogen and deuterium. Chem Rev 61:265–273
12. Klinman JP (2010) A new model for the origin of kinetic hydrogen isotope effects. J Phys Org
Chem 23:606–612
13. Nelson SD, Trager WF (2003) The use of deuterium isotope effects to probe the active site properties, mechanism of cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions, and mechanisms of metabolically
dependent toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 31:1481–1498
14. Guengerich FP (2001) Common and uncommon cytochrome P450 reactions related to
metabolism and chemical toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 14:611–650
15. Chowdhury G, Calcutt MW, Nagy LD, Guengerich FP (2012) Oxidation of methyl and ethyl
nitrosamines by cytochrome P450 2E1 and 2B1. Biochemistry 51:9995–10007
16. Howland RH (2015) Aspergillus, angiogenesis, and obesity: the story behind beloranib. J
Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 53:13–16
17. Katsnelson A (2013) Heavy drugs draw heavy interest from pharma backers. Nat Med 19:656
18. Sanderson K (2009) Big interest in heavy drugs. Nature 458:269
19. Yarnell A, Wang L (2009) Student affiliates answer presidential video challenge. Chem Eng
News 87:48
20. Mullard A (2017) FDA approves first deuterated drug. Nat Rev Drug Discov 16:305
21. Stokvis E, Rosing H, Beijnen JH (2005) Stable isotopically labeled internal standards in quantitative bioanalysis using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: necessity or not? Rapid
Commun Mass Spectrom 19:401–407
22. Hewavitharana AK (2011) Matrix matching in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with
stable isotope labelled internal standards-Is it necessary? J Chromatogr A 1218:359–361
23. Berg T, Karlsen M, Oeiestad AML, Johansen JE, Liu H, Strand DH (2014) Evaluation of 13Cand 2H-labeled internal standards for the determination of amphetamines in biological samples,
by reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
J Chromatogr A 1344:83–90
24. Metcalfe C, Tindale K, Li H, Rodayan A, Yargeau V (2010) Illicit drugs in Canadian municipal
wastewater and estimates of community drug use. Environ Pollut 158:3179–3185
25. Piper T, Emery C, Saugy M (2011) Recent developments in the use of isotope ratio mass
spectrometry in sports drug testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 401:433–447
26. Piper T, Thomas A, Thevis M, Saugy M (2012) Investigations on hydrogen isotope ratios
of endogenous urinary steroids: reference-population-based thresholds and proof-of-concept.
Drug Test Anal 4:717–727
27. Tran NH, Hu J, Ong SL (2013) Simultaneous determination of PPCPs, EDCs, and artificial
sweeteners in environmental water samples using a single-step SPE coupled with HPLCMS/MS and isotope dilution. Talanta 113:82–92
28. Benijts T, Dams R, Lambert W, De Leenheer A (2004) Countering matrix effects in environmental liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry water
analysis for endocrine disrupting chemicals. J Chromatogr A 1029:153–159
A. Palazzolo et al.
3. Asensio JM, Bouzouita D, van Leeuwen PWNM, Chaudret B (2020) σ-H–H, σ-C–H, and
σ-Si–H bond activation catalyzed by metal nanoparticles. Chem Rev 120:1042–1084. https://
doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1029b00368
4. Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M (2018) Deuterium- and tritium-labelled compounds:
applications in the life sciences. Angew Chem Int Ed 57:1758–1784
5. Urey HC, Brickwedde FG, Murphy GM (1932) A hydrogen isotope of mass 2. Phys Rev
39:164–165
6. O’Leary D (2012) The deeds to deuterium. Nat Chem 4:236
7. Oliphant ML, Harteck P (1934) Rutherford transmutation effects observed with heavy
hydrogen. Nature 133:413
8. Lucas LL, Unterweger MP (2000) Comprehensive review and critical evaluation of the half-life
of tritium. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 105:541–549
9. Atkins PW, De Paula J (2014) Atkins’ physical chemistry
10. Wiberg KB (1955) The deuterium isotope effect. Chem Rev 55:713–743
11. Westheimer FH (1961) The magnitude of the primary kinetic isotope effect for compounds of
hydrogen and deuterium. Chem Rev 61:265–273
12. Klinman JP (2010) A new model for the origin of kinetic hydrogen isotope effects. J Phys Org
Chem 23:606–612
13. Nelson SD, Trager WF (2003) The use of deuterium isotope effects to probe the active site properties, mechanism of cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions, and mechanisms of metabolically
dependent toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 31:1481–1498
14. Guengerich FP (2001) Common and uncommon cytochrome P450 reactions related to
metabolism and chemical toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 14:611–650
15. Chowdhury G, Calcutt MW, Nagy LD, Guengerich FP (2012) Oxidation of methyl and ethyl
nitrosamines by cytochrome P450 2E1 and 2B1. Biochemistry 51:9995–10007
16. Howland RH (2015) Aspergillus, angiogenesis, and obesity: the story behind beloranib. J
Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 53:13–16
17. Katsnelson A (2013) Heavy drugs draw heavy interest from pharma backers. Nat Med 19:656
18. Sanderson K (2009) Big interest in heavy drugs. Nature 458:269
19. Yarnell A, Wang L (2009) Student affiliates answer presidential video challenge. Chem Eng
News 87:48
20. Mullard A (2017) FDA approves first deuterated drug. Nat Rev Drug Discov 16:305
21. Stokvis E, Rosing H, Beijnen JH (2005) Stable isotopically labeled internal standards in quantitative bioanalysis using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: necessity or not? Rapid
Commun Mass Spectrom 19:401–407
22. Hewavitharana AK (2011) Matrix matching in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with
stable isotope labelled internal standards-Is it necessary? J Chromatogr A 1218:359–361
23. Berg T, Karlsen M, Oeiestad AML, Johansen JE, Liu H, Strand DH (2014) Evaluation of 13Cand 2H-labeled internal standards for the determination of amphetamines in biological samples,
by reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
J Chromatogr A 1344:83–90
24. Metcalfe C, Tindale K, Li H, Rodayan A, Yargeau V (2010) Illicit drugs in Canadian municipal
wastewater and estimates of community drug use. Environ Pollut 158:3179–3185
25. Piper T, Emery C, Saugy M (2011) Recent developments in the use of isotope ratio mass
spectrometry in sports drug testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 401:433–447
26. Piper T, Thomas A, Thevis M, Saugy M (2012) Investigations on hydrogen isotope ratios
of endogenous urinary steroids: reference-population-based thresholds and proof-of-concept.
Drug Test Anal 4:717–727
27. Tran NH, Hu J, Ong SL (2013) Simultaneous determination of PPCPs, EDCs, and artificial
sweeteners in environmental water samples using a single-step SPE coupled with HPLCMS/MS and isotope dilution. Talanta 113:82–92
28. Benijts T, Dams R, Lambert W, De Leenheer A (2004) Countering matrix effects in environmental liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry water
analysis for endocrine disrupting chemicals. J Chromatogr A 1029:153–159