4 MNP Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
125
into higher hydrocarbons (>C 1 ) and selectively could be controlled through the proper
choice of IL [20]. Among different hydrophobic and hydrophilic ILs (BMIm.BF 4 ,
BMIm.OAc, BMIm.FAP and BMIm.NTf 2 ), Fe/Ru NPs dispersed in the hydrophobic
IL (BMIm.NTf 2 ) displayed outstanding abilities in the formation of long-chain HCs
(57% C 2 –C 4 , 31% C 5 –C 6 and 10% C 7 –C 21 ) with efficient catalytic activity (12%
conversion), while in the hydrophilic ILs (BMIm.BF 4 and BMIm.OAc), RuFe NPs
revealed high production of CO (>39%). This effect may arise due to the hydrophilic
nature of these ILs, which not only reduces the rate of CO 2 hydrogenation but may
also reduce the FT catalytically active surface species with the dominant CO path
formation. Moreover, when the IL with basic anion (acetate) in DMSO/H 2 O was used,
formic acid was generated with a molar ratio of 2.03 M, with 400 TONs. Recently,
a high CO 2 conversion (30%) was observed when RuNi bimetallic core–shell NPs
were explored using the hydrophobic BMIm.NTf 2 IL, which efficiently generated
low-molecular-weight C 1 –C 6 hydrocarbons (79% alkanes and 16% olefins) with 5%
CH 4 [43].
References
1. Earle MJ, Esperança JMSS, Gilea MA, Canongia Lopes JN, Rebelo LPN, Magee JW, Seddon
KR, Widegren JA (2006) Nature 439:831–834
2. Chambreau SD, Schneider S, Rosander M, Hawkins T, Gallegos CJ, Pastewait MF, Vaghjiani
GL (2008) J Phys Chem A 112:7816–7824
3. Dupont J, Spencer J (2004) Angew Chem Int Ed 43:5296–5297
4. Shiddiky MJA, Torriero AAJ (2011) Biosens Bioelectron 26:1775–1787
5. Gomes JM, Silva SS, Reis RL (2019) Chem Soc Rev 48:4317–4335
6. Hurley FH (1951) WIer TP. J Electrochem Soc 98:203–206
7. Chauvin Y, Mussmann L, Olivier H (1996) Angew Chem Int Ed 34:2698–2700
8. Suarez PAZ, Dullius JEL, Einloft S, De Souza RF, Dupont J (1996) Polyhedron 15:1217–1219
9. Canongia Lopes JNA, Pádua AAH (2006) J Phys Chem B 110:3330–3335
10. Dupont J (2011) Acc Chem Res 44:1223–1231
11. Kolbeck C, Cremer T, Lovelock KRJ, Paape N, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Maier F, Steinrück
HP (2009) J Phys Chem B 113:8682–8688
12. Dupont J (2004) J Braz Chem Soc 15:341–350
13. Dupont J, Fonseca GS, Umpierre AP, Fichtner PFP, Teixeira SR (2002) J Am Chem Soc
124:4228–4229
14. Pensado AS, Pádua AAH (2011) Angew Chem Int Ed 50:8683–8687
15. Ott LS, Cline ML, Deetlefs M, Seddon KR, Finke RG (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127:5758–5759
16. Schrekker HS, Gelesky MA, Stracke MP, Schrekker CML, Machado G, Teixeira SR, Rubim
JC, Dupont J (2007) J Colloid Interface Sci 316:189–195
17. Scheeren CW, Machado G, Dupont J, Fichtner PFP, Texeira SR (2003) Inorg Chem 42:4738–
4742
18. Fonseca GS, Machado G, Teixeira SR, Fecher GH, Morais J, Alves MCM, Dupont J (2006)
J Colloid Interface Sci 301:193–204
19. Scholten JD, Leal BC, Dupont J (2012) ACS Catal 2:184–200
20. Qadir MI, Weilhard A, Fernandes JA, de Pedro I, Vieira BJC, Waerenborgh JC, Dupont J
(2018) ACS Catal 8:1621–1627
21. Luza L, Rambor CP, Gual A, Alves Fernandes J, Eberhardt D, Dupont J (2017) ACS Catal
7:2791–2799
125
into higher hydrocarbons (>C 1 ) and selectively could be controlled through the proper
choice of IL [20]. Among different hydrophobic and hydrophilic ILs (BMIm.BF 4 ,
BMIm.OAc, BMIm.FAP and BMIm.NTf 2 ), Fe/Ru NPs dispersed in the hydrophobic
IL (BMIm.NTf 2 ) displayed outstanding abilities in the formation of long-chain HCs
(57% C 2 –C 4 , 31% C 5 –C 6 and 10% C 7 –C 21 ) with efficient catalytic activity (12%
conversion), while in the hydrophilic ILs (BMIm.BF 4 and BMIm.OAc), RuFe NPs
revealed high production of CO (>39%). This effect may arise due to the hydrophilic
nature of these ILs, which not only reduces the rate of CO 2 hydrogenation but may
also reduce the FT catalytically active surface species with the dominant CO path
formation. Moreover, when the IL with basic anion (acetate) in DMSO/H 2 O was used,
formic acid was generated with a molar ratio of 2.03 M, with 400 TONs. Recently,
a high CO 2 conversion (30%) was observed when RuNi bimetallic core–shell NPs
were explored using the hydrophobic BMIm.NTf 2 IL, which efficiently generated
low-molecular-weight C 1 –C 6 hydrocarbons (79% alkanes and 16% olefins) with 5%
CH 4 [43].
References
1. Earle MJ, Esperança JMSS, Gilea MA, Canongia Lopes JN, Rebelo LPN, Magee JW, Seddon
KR, Widegren JA (2006) Nature 439:831–834
2. Chambreau SD, Schneider S, Rosander M, Hawkins T, Gallegos CJ, Pastewait MF, Vaghjiani
GL (2008) J Phys Chem A 112:7816–7824
3. Dupont J, Spencer J (2004) Angew Chem Int Ed 43:5296–5297
4. Shiddiky MJA, Torriero AAJ (2011) Biosens Bioelectron 26:1775–1787
5. Gomes JM, Silva SS, Reis RL (2019) Chem Soc Rev 48:4317–4335
6. Hurley FH (1951) WIer TP. J Electrochem Soc 98:203–206
7. Chauvin Y, Mussmann L, Olivier H (1996) Angew Chem Int Ed 34:2698–2700
8. Suarez PAZ, Dullius JEL, Einloft S, De Souza RF, Dupont J (1996) Polyhedron 15:1217–1219
9. Canongia Lopes JNA, Pádua AAH (2006) J Phys Chem B 110:3330–3335
10. Dupont J (2011) Acc Chem Res 44:1223–1231
11. Kolbeck C, Cremer T, Lovelock KRJ, Paape N, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Maier F, Steinrück
HP (2009) J Phys Chem B 113:8682–8688
12. Dupont J (2004) J Braz Chem Soc 15:341–350
13. Dupont J, Fonseca GS, Umpierre AP, Fichtner PFP, Teixeira SR (2002) J Am Chem Soc
124:4228–4229
14. Pensado AS, Pádua AAH (2011) Angew Chem Int Ed 50:8683–8687
15. Ott LS, Cline ML, Deetlefs M, Seddon KR, Finke RG (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127:5758–5759
16. Schrekker HS, Gelesky MA, Stracke MP, Schrekker CML, Machado G, Teixeira SR, Rubim
JC, Dupont J (2007) J Colloid Interface Sci 316:189–195
17. Scheeren CW, Machado G, Dupont J, Fichtner PFP, Texeira SR (2003) Inorg Chem 42:4738–
4742
18. Fonseca GS, Machado G, Teixeira SR, Fecher GH, Morais J, Alves MCM, Dupont J (2006)
J Colloid Interface Sci 301:193–204
19. Scholten JD, Leal BC, Dupont J (2012) ACS Catal 2:184–200
20. Qadir MI, Weilhard A, Fernandes JA, de Pedro I, Vieira BJC, Waerenborgh JC, Dupont J
(2018) ACS Catal 8:1621–1627
21. Luza L, Rambor CP, Gual A, Alves Fernandes J, Eberhardt D, Dupont J (2017) ACS Catal
7:2791–2799