299
Cevik, P., & Yildirim-Bicer, A. Z. (2017). Effect of different types of disinfection solution and aging
on the hardness and colour stability of maxillofacial silicone elastomers. The International
Journal of Artificial Organs, 41(2), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000659.
Cevik, P., & Kocacikli, M. (2019) Three-dimensional printing technologies in the fabrication of
maxillofacial prosthesis: A case report. The International Journal of Artificial Organs. https://
doi.org/10.1177/0391398819887401
D’Souza, D. (2015). Role of implants in maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation. In T. Ilser
(Ed.), Current concepts in dental implantology (pp. 179–209). Intech open. https://doi.
org/10.5772/59578.
Eleni, P. N., Katsavou, I., Krokida, M. K., Polyzois, G. L., & Gettleman, L. (2009). Mechanical
behavior of facial prosthetic elastomers after outdoor weathering. Dental Materials, 25(12),
1493–1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2009.06.018.
Federspil, P. A. (2018). Auricular prostheses in microtia. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, 26(1),
97–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2017.09.007.
Ferreira, R., & Vives, P. (2019). Two auricular epithesis surgical cases retained by a custom titanium implant: Result at four years. Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
120(2), 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2018.10.014.
Goiato, M. C., Haddad, M. F., Pesqueira, A. A., Moreno, A., dos Santos, D. M., & Bannwart,
L. C. (2011). Effect of chemical disinfection and accelerated aging on color stability of maxillofacial silicone with opacifiers. Journal of Prosthodontics: Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive
Dentistry, 20(7), 566–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849x.2011.00755.x.
Gutiérrez, T. J. (2019). Chapter 3. 3D printing of biopolymers: Trends and opportunities for
medical applications. In S. Ahmed, S. Kanchi, & G. Kumar (Eds.), Handbook of biopolymers: Advances and multifaceted applications (pp. 45–73). Singapore: Editorial Pan Stanford
Publishing. ISBN: 978-981-4800-17-4. eISBN: 978-0-429-02475-7.
Hu, X., Pan, X., & Johnston, W. M. (2014). Effects of pigments on dynamic mechanical properties of a maxillofacial prosthetic elastomer. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 112(5),
1298–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.04.004.
Huber, H., & Studer, S. P. (2002). Materials and techniques in maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, 14(1), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1042-3699(02)00018-3.
Jindal, S. K., Sherriff, M., Waters, M. G., Smay, J. E., & Coward, T. J. (2018). Development
of a 3D printable maxillofacial silicone: Part II. Optimization of moderator and thixotropic
agent. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 119(2), 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
prosdent.2017.04.028.
Jindal, S. K., Sherriff, M., Waters, M. G., & Coward, T. J. (2016). Development of a 3D printable
maxillofacial silicone: Part I. Optimization of polydimethylsiloxane chains and cross-linker
concentration. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 116(4), 617–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
prosdent.2016.02.020.
Karayazgan-Saracoglu, B., Gunay, Y., & Atay, A. (2009). Fabrication of an auricular prosthesis
using computed tomography and rapid prototyping technique. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery,
20(4), 1169–1172. https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e3181acdb95.
Kiat-amnuay, S., Beerbower, M., Powers, J. M., & Paravina, R. D. (2009). Influence of pigments
and opacifiers on color stability of silicone maxillofacial elastomer. Journal of Dentistry, 37,
e45-e50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.004.
Kiat-amnuay, S., Mekayarajjananonth, T., Powers, J. M., Chambers, M. S., & Lemon, J. C. (2006).
Interactions of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of MDX4-4210/type A maxillofacial
elastomers subjected to artificial aging. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 95(3), 249–257.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.12.006.
Lai, J. H., & Hodges, J. S. (1999). Effects of processing parameters on physical properties of
the silicone maxillofacial prosthetic materials. Dental Materials, 15(6), 450–455. https://doi.
org/10.1016/s0109-5641(99)00074-3.
Lontz, J. F. (1990). State-of-the-art materials used for maxillofacial prosthetic reconstruction.
Dental Clinics of North America, 34(2), 307–325.
12 Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers in Dentistry
Cevik, P., & Yildirim-Bicer, A. Z. (2017). Effect of different types of disinfection solution and aging
on the hardness and colour stability of maxillofacial silicone elastomers. The International
Journal of Artificial Organs, 41(2), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000659.
Cevik, P., & Kocacikli, M. (2019) Three-dimensional printing technologies in the fabrication of
maxillofacial prosthesis: A case report. The International Journal of Artificial Organs. https://
doi.org/10.1177/0391398819887401
D’Souza, D. (2015). Role of implants in maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation. In T. Ilser
(Ed.), Current concepts in dental implantology (pp. 179–209). Intech open. https://doi.
org/10.5772/59578.
Eleni, P. N., Katsavou, I., Krokida, M. K., Polyzois, G. L., & Gettleman, L. (2009). Mechanical
behavior of facial prosthetic elastomers after outdoor weathering. Dental Materials, 25(12),
1493–1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2009.06.018.
Federspil, P. A. (2018). Auricular prostheses in microtia. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, 26(1),
97–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2017.09.007.
Ferreira, R., & Vives, P. (2019). Two auricular epithesis surgical cases retained by a custom titanium implant: Result at four years. Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
120(2), 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2018.10.014.
Goiato, M. C., Haddad, M. F., Pesqueira, A. A., Moreno, A., dos Santos, D. M., & Bannwart,
L. C. (2011). Effect of chemical disinfection and accelerated aging on color stability of maxillofacial silicone with opacifiers. Journal of Prosthodontics: Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive
Dentistry, 20(7), 566–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849x.2011.00755.x.
Gutiérrez, T. J. (2019). Chapter 3. 3D printing of biopolymers: Trends and opportunities for
medical applications. In S. Ahmed, S. Kanchi, & G. Kumar (Eds.), Handbook of biopolymers: Advances and multifaceted applications (pp. 45–73). Singapore: Editorial Pan Stanford
Publishing. ISBN: 978-981-4800-17-4. eISBN: 978-0-429-02475-7.
Hu, X., Pan, X., & Johnston, W. M. (2014). Effects of pigments on dynamic mechanical properties of a maxillofacial prosthetic elastomer. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 112(5),
1298–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.04.004.
Huber, H., & Studer, S. P. (2002). Materials and techniques in maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, 14(1), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1042-3699(02)00018-3.
Jindal, S. K., Sherriff, M., Waters, M. G., Smay, J. E., & Coward, T. J. (2018). Development
of a 3D printable maxillofacial silicone: Part II. Optimization of moderator and thixotropic
agent. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 119(2), 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
prosdent.2017.04.028.
Jindal, S. K., Sherriff, M., Waters, M. G., & Coward, T. J. (2016). Development of a 3D printable
maxillofacial silicone: Part I. Optimization of polydimethylsiloxane chains and cross-linker
concentration. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 116(4), 617–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
prosdent.2016.02.020.
Karayazgan-Saracoglu, B., Gunay, Y., & Atay, A. (2009). Fabrication of an auricular prosthesis
using computed tomography and rapid prototyping technique. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery,
20(4), 1169–1172. https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e3181acdb95.
Kiat-amnuay, S., Beerbower, M., Powers, J. M., & Paravina, R. D. (2009). Influence of pigments
and opacifiers on color stability of silicone maxillofacial elastomer. Journal of Dentistry, 37,
e45-e50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.004.
Kiat-amnuay, S., Mekayarajjananonth, T., Powers, J. M., Chambers, M. S., & Lemon, J. C. (2006).
Interactions of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of MDX4-4210/type A maxillofacial
elastomers subjected to artificial aging. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 95(3), 249–257.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.12.006.
Lai, J. H., & Hodges, J. S. (1999). Effects of processing parameters on physical properties of
the silicone maxillofacial prosthetic materials. Dental Materials, 15(6), 450–455. https://doi.
org/10.1016/s0109-5641(99)00074-3.
Lontz, J. F. (1990). State-of-the-art materials used for maxillofacial prosthetic reconstruction.
Dental Clinics of North America, 34(2), 307–325.
12 Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers in Dentistry