153
the MDI/BD content. European Polymer Journal, 97, 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
eurpolymj.2017.10.014.
Li, H., Xu, C., Yuan, Z., & Wei, Q. (2018). Synthesis of bio-based polyurethane foams with liquefied wheat straw: Process optimization. Biomass and Bioenergy, 111, 134–140. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.02.011.
Ligero, P., Vega, A., & Bao, M. (2005). Acetosolv delignification of Miscanthus sinensis bark:
Influence of process variables. Industrial Crops and Products, 21(2), 235–240. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.006.
Lim, H., Kim, E. Y., & Kim, B. K. (2010). Polyurethane foams blown with various types of environmentally friendly blowing agents. Plast Rubber Compos, 39(8), 364–369. https://doi.org/1
0.1179/174328910x12691245469835.
Luo, X., Hu, S., Zhang, X., & Li, Y. (2013). Thermochemical conversion of crude glycerol to
biopolyols for the production of polyurethane foams. Bioresource Technology, 139, 323–329.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.011.
Mahmood, N., Yuan, Z., Schmidt, J., & Xu, C. (2015). Preparation of bio-based rigid polyurethane
foam using hydrolytically depolymerized Kraft lignin via direct replacement or oxypropylation.
European Polymer Journal, 68, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.030.
Mali, S. (2018). Biodegradable foams in the development of food packaging. In T. J. Gutiérrez
(Ed.), Polymers for food applications (pp. 329–345). Cham.. ISBN: 978-3-319-94624-5.
eISBN: 978-3-319-94625-2: Editorial Springer International Publishing. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-319-94625-2_12.
Mamaeva, A., Tahmasebi, A., Tian, L., & Yu, J. (2016). Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of
lignocellulosic biomass for production of phenolic-rich bio-oil. Bioresource Technology, 211,
382–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.120.
Mohammed, M. M., ALJarrah, M. M., & Abdul Lateef, A. A. (2008). Effect of NCO/OH on
the mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomer. Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering
Sciences, 11(3), 485–493. Retrieved from https://nahje.com/index.php/main/article/
view/548.
Muurinen, E. (2000) Organosolv pulping—A review and distillation study related to peroxyacid
pulping. Department of Process Engineering, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 University of
Oulu, Finland. Available in: http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514256611/isbn9514256611.pdf
Mythili, R., Venkatachalam, P., Subramanian, P., & Uma, D. (2013). Characterization of bioresidues for biooil production through pyrolysis. Bioresource Technology, 138, 71–78. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.161.
Nurul Islam, M., Zailani, R., & Nasir Ani, F. (2002). Pyrolytic oil from fluidised bed pyrolysis of
oil palm shell and itscharacterisation. Renewable Energy, 17(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0960-1481(98)00112-8.
Oertel, G., & Abele, L. (1994). Polyurethane handbook: Chemistry, raw materials, processing,
application, properties.
Onda, A., Ochi, T., & Yanagisawa, K. (2008). Selective hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose over
solid acid catalysts. Green Chemistry, 10(10), 1033. https://doi.org/10.1039/b808471h.
Pachori, S., Sarkar, A., Dutta, A., Palanivelu, J., & Chidambaram, R. (2019). Synthesis methods
of starch-based polymer foams and its comparison with conventional polymer foams for food
packaging applications. In T. J. Gutiérrez (Ed.), Polymers for agri-food applications. Cham..
ISBN: 978-3-030-19415-4. eISBN: 978-3-030-19416-1. pp. 317-338: Editorial Springer
International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19416-1_16.
Pan, X., & Sano, Y. (2005). Fractionation of wheat straw by atmospheric acetic acid
process. Bioresource Technology, 96(11), 1256–1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2004.10.018.
Pan, X., Xie, D., Yu, R. W., Lam, D., & Saddler, J. N. (2007). Pretreatment of lodgepole pine
killed by mountain pine beetle using the ethanol organosolv process: Fractionation and process
optimization. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 46(8), 2609–2617. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ie061576l.
7 Synthesis of Biobased Polyurethane Foams From Agricultural and Forestry Wastes
the MDI/BD content. European Polymer Journal, 97, 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
eurpolymj.2017.10.014.
Li, H., Xu, C., Yuan, Z., & Wei, Q. (2018). Synthesis of bio-based polyurethane foams with liquefied wheat straw: Process optimization. Biomass and Bioenergy, 111, 134–140. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.02.011.
Ligero, P., Vega, A., & Bao, M. (2005). Acetosolv delignification of Miscanthus sinensis bark:
Influence of process variables. Industrial Crops and Products, 21(2), 235–240. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.006.
Lim, H., Kim, E. Y., & Kim, B. K. (2010). Polyurethane foams blown with various types of environmentally friendly blowing agents. Plast Rubber Compos, 39(8), 364–369. https://doi.org/1
0.1179/174328910x12691245469835.
Luo, X., Hu, S., Zhang, X., & Li, Y. (2013). Thermochemical conversion of crude glycerol to
biopolyols for the production of polyurethane foams. Bioresource Technology, 139, 323–329.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.011.
Mahmood, N., Yuan, Z., Schmidt, J., & Xu, C. (2015). Preparation of bio-based rigid polyurethane
foam using hydrolytically depolymerized Kraft lignin via direct replacement or oxypropylation.
European Polymer Journal, 68, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.030.
Mali, S. (2018). Biodegradable foams in the development of food packaging. In T. J. Gutiérrez
(Ed.), Polymers for food applications (pp. 329–345). Cham.. ISBN: 978-3-319-94624-5.
eISBN: 978-3-319-94625-2: Editorial Springer International Publishing. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-319-94625-2_12.
Mamaeva, A., Tahmasebi, A., Tian, L., & Yu, J. (2016). Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of
lignocellulosic biomass for production of phenolic-rich bio-oil. Bioresource Technology, 211,
382–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.120.
Mohammed, M. M., ALJarrah, M. M., & Abdul Lateef, A. A. (2008). Effect of NCO/OH on
the mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomer. Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering
Sciences, 11(3), 485–493. Retrieved from https://nahje.com/index.php/main/article/
view/548.
Muurinen, E. (2000) Organosolv pulping—A review and distillation study related to peroxyacid
pulping. Department of Process Engineering, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 University of
Oulu, Finland. Available in: http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514256611/isbn9514256611.pdf
Mythili, R., Venkatachalam, P., Subramanian, P., & Uma, D. (2013). Characterization of bioresidues for biooil production through pyrolysis. Bioresource Technology, 138, 71–78. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.161.
Nurul Islam, M., Zailani, R., & Nasir Ani, F. (2002). Pyrolytic oil from fluidised bed pyrolysis of
oil palm shell and itscharacterisation. Renewable Energy, 17(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0960-1481(98)00112-8.
Oertel, G., & Abele, L. (1994). Polyurethane handbook: Chemistry, raw materials, processing,
application, properties.
Onda, A., Ochi, T., & Yanagisawa, K. (2008). Selective hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose over
solid acid catalysts. Green Chemistry, 10(10), 1033. https://doi.org/10.1039/b808471h.
Pachori, S., Sarkar, A., Dutta, A., Palanivelu, J., & Chidambaram, R. (2019). Synthesis methods
of starch-based polymer foams and its comparison with conventional polymer foams for food
packaging applications. In T. J. Gutiérrez (Ed.), Polymers for agri-food applications. Cham..
ISBN: 978-3-030-19415-4. eISBN: 978-3-030-19416-1. pp. 317-338: Editorial Springer
International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19416-1_16.
Pan, X., & Sano, Y. (2005). Fractionation of wheat straw by atmospheric acetic acid
process. Bioresource Technology, 96(11), 1256–1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2004.10.018.
Pan, X., Xie, D., Yu, R. W., Lam, D., & Saddler, J. N. (2007). Pretreatment of lodgepole pine
killed by mountain pine beetle using the ethanol organosolv process: Fractionation and process
optimization. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 46(8), 2609–2617. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ie061576l.
7 Synthesis of Biobased Polyurethane Foams From Agricultural and Forestry Wastes