116
Table 6.1 Properties of cellulose-containing nanocomposite films
Film materials
Amount of
nanocellulose
(%)
Characterization of films
References
PVA-nanocellulose
1–5
SEM, tensile deformation, TGA
and XRD
Lee et al. (2009)
Cs-cellulose
nanowhisker
1 (multiple
layers)
FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis
spectroscopy and zeta potential
de Mesquita et al.
(2010)
Methyl
cellulosenanocellulose
0.1–1
DSC, FTIR, puncture strength
and deformation, SEM, TGA,
viscoelasticity, WVP and XRD
Khan et al.
(2010)
HPMC-nanofibrilate
cellulose/HPMCcellulose nanowhisker
2.66–13.33 (of
HPMC)
FESEM, mechanical strength,
SEM, transparency and WVP
Bilbao-Sainz
et al. (2011)
Sodium
caseinatenanocellulose
1–3
Contact angle, DMA, FTIR,
moisture sorption, opacity,
porosity, SEM, WVP and σ max
Pereda et al.
(2011)
Starch-gum
arabic-nanocellulose
1 (of starch)
Contact angle, FTIR, mechanical
strength, surface topography,
water solubility and WVTR
Vigneshwaran
et al. (2011)
κ-Carrageenannanofibrillated
cellulose
0.1–1
DSC, mechanical strength, OTR,
SEM, WVTR and XRD
Savadekar et al.
(2012)
Alginate-Mt-cellulose
nanoparticle
1–5 (of solid)
Contact angle, DSC, mechanical
strength, opacity, SEM, water
solubility, WVP and XRD
Abdollahi et al.
(2013)
Cs-olive oil- cellulose
nanocrystal
1–12
Color, contact angle, DMA,
opacity, moisture sorption, WVP
and σ max
Pereda et al.
(2014)
Agar-nanocellulose
1–10 (of agar
amount)
Color, contact angle, FESEM,
FTIR, TEM, TGA, transparency,
water solubility, WVP, XRD and
σ max
Reddy and Rhim
(2014)
PLA-cellulose
nanofiber
0–10
FTIR, SEM and WVTR
Song et al. (2014)
Cs-cellulose
nanocrystal
5–15
Contact angle, DSC, FTIR, SEM,
TGA, TMA and XRD
Celebi and Kurt
(2015)
WPI-cellulose
nanofiber
2.5–7.5 (of
WPI)
FTIR, mechanical strength, SEM,
transparency, water solubility,
WVP and XRD
Qazanfarzadeh
and Kadivar
(2016)
Chitin nanocrystalcellulose nanofiber
90–100
AFM, antifungal activity, contact
angle, DLS, FTIR, mechanical
strength, porosity, SEM, TGA,
WVTR and XRD
Robles et al.
(2016)
Agar-nanocellulose/
agar-microcrystalline
cellulose
1–10 (of agar
amount)
Color, contact angle, FTIR, TGA,
transparency, WVP, XRD and
σ max
Shankar and
Rhim (2016b)
(continued)
H. Cakmak and E. Sogut
Table 6.1 Properties of cellulose-containing nanocomposite films
Film materials
Amount of
nanocellulose
(%)
Characterization of films
References
PVA-nanocellulose
1–5
SEM, tensile deformation, TGA
and XRD
Lee et al. (2009)
Cs-cellulose
nanowhisker
1 (multiple
layers)
FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis
spectroscopy and zeta potential
de Mesquita et al.
(2010)
Methyl
cellulosenanocellulose
0.1–1
DSC, FTIR, puncture strength
and deformation, SEM, TGA,
viscoelasticity, WVP and XRD
Khan et al.
(2010)
HPMC-nanofibrilate
cellulose/HPMCcellulose nanowhisker
2.66–13.33 (of
HPMC)
FESEM, mechanical strength,
SEM, transparency and WVP
Bilbao-Sainz
et al. (2011)
Sodium
caseinatenanocellulose
1–3
Contact angle, DMA, FTIR,
moisture sorption, opacity,
porosity, SEM, WVP and σ max
Pereda et al.
(2011)
Starch-gum
arabic-nanocellulose
1 (of starch)
Contact angle, FTIR, mechanical
strength, surface topography,
water solubility and WVTR
Vigneshwaran
et al. (2011)
κ-Carrageenannanofibrillated
cellulose
0.1–1
DSC, mechanical strength, OTR,
SEM, WVTR and XRD
Savadekar et al.
(2012)
Alginate-Mt-cellulose
nanoparticle
1–5 (of solid)
Contact angle, DSC, mechanical
strength, opacity, SEM, water
solubility, WVP and XRD
Abdollahi et al.
(2013)
Cs-olive oil- cellulose
nanocrystal
1–12
Color, contact angle, DMA,
opacity, moisture sorption, WVP
and σ max
Pereda et al.
(2014)
Agar-nanocellulose
1–10 (of agar
amount)
Color, contact angle, FESEM,
FTIR, TEM, TGA, transparency,
water solubility, WVP, XRD and
σ max
Reddy and Rhim
(2014)
PLA-cellulose
nanofiber
0–10
FTIR, SEM and WVTR
Song et al. (2014)
Cs-cellulose
nanocrystal
5–15
Contact angle, DSC, FTIR, SEM,
TGA, TMA and XRD
Celebi and Kurt
(2015)
WPI-cellulose
nanofiber
2.5–7.5 (of
WPI)
FTIR, mechanical strength, SEM,
transparency, water solubility,
WVP and XRD
Qazanfarzadeh
and Kadivar
(2016)
Chitin nanocrystalcellulose nanofiber
90–100
AFM, antifungal activity, contact
angle, DLS, FTIR, mechanical
strength, porosity, SEM, TGA,
WVTR and XRD
Robles et al.
(2016)
Agar-nanocellulose/
agar-microcrystalline
cellulose
1–10 (of agar
amount)
Color, contact angle, FTIR, TGA,
transparency, WVP, XRD and
σ max
Shankar and
Rhim (2016b)
(continued)
H. Cakmak and E. Sogut