Table 4
(continued)
Feedstock (possible
hydrothermal routes)
Reactor specifications
Temperature
range (
C)
Hydrothermal
media
Catalyst
Extraction solvent Ref
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
(HTL)
100 mL Parr 4,593 stainless steel
reactor with heating rate of 6 K/min
240–280
Nanopure
®
water
Pd/C, Pd/Al
2 O
3 , Pt/C,
Pt/Al
2 O
3 , Al-Ni, NaOH,
Na
2 CO
3
Toluene
[46]
Nannochloropsis
gaditana, Chlorella
sp. (HTC, HTL)
PARR 4593 stainless steel bench top
reactor
180–330
Water
–
Dichloromethane
[47]
Spirulina
(HTL)
100 mL 316 stainless steel batch
reactor
230–290
Water
Ni/TiO
2
Dichloromethane
[48]
Tetraselmis
sp. (HTL)
7.5 mL micro-tubing reactor
250–350
Water
–
Dichloromethane,
n-hexane
[49]
Posidonia oceanica
(HTL, HTG)
100 mL batch-type reaction vessel
300–600
Water
–
–
[50]
212
C. D. Venkatachalam et al.