2 Conventional Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Treatment
Technologies
Conventionally, several methods are used in the treatment and management of waste
across the globe, and the widely adopted conventional municipal solid wastes
management techniques are highlighted in Fig. 3.
The conventional MSW management technologies include biological treatment
(which constitute aerobic and anaerobic digestions), thermal treatments of waste
(incineration with energy recovery, pyrolysis, gasification, combined pyrolysis and
gasification), mechanical treatment (sorting and separation, mechanical thermal
treatment using autoclaving) and landfills (aerobic and anaerobic digestions that
can also generate gases which can be used to generate energy in the form of
recovery). The heterogeneous nature of MSW is the major driving factor for having
several MSW treatments technologies since there is no single treatment technology
that can be used to solve the heterogeneous challenges of MSW.
Characterising heterogeneous wastes presents a number of special problems
which made it very difficult in achieving maximum waste to wealth implementation
in compliance to waste management triangle across the globe. Due to the
Concept
Products
Process
Fig. 3 Various conventional MSW treatment processing technologies (Original)
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A. A. Gado et al.
Technologies
Conventionally, several methods are used in the treatment and management of waste
across the globe, and the widely adopted conventional municipal solid wastes
management techniques are highlighted in Fig. 3.
The conventional MSW management technologies include biological treatment
(which constitute aerobic and anaerobic digestions), thermal treatments of waste
(incineration with energy recovery, pyrolysis, gasification, combined pyrolysis and
gasification), mechanical treatment (sorting and separation, mechanical thermal
treatment using autoclaving) and landfills (aerobic and anaerobic digestions that
can also generate gases which can be used to generate energy in the form of
recovery). The heterogeneous nature of MSW is the major driving factor for having
several MSW treatments technologies since there is no single treatment technology
that can be used to solve the heterogeneous challenges of MSW.
Characterising heterogeneous wastes presents a number of special problems
which made it very difficult in achieving maximum waste to wealth implementation
in compliance to waste management triangle across the globe. Due to the
Concept
Products
Process
Fig. 3 Various conventional MSW treatment processing technologies (Original)
182
A. A. Gado et al.