However, we have a unique but trivial solution x = 0 for complex numbers α other
than eigenvalues. This is characteristic of the eigenvalue problem.
References
1. Mirsky L (1990) An introduction to linear algebra. Dover, New York
2. Hassani S (2006) Mathematical physics. Springer, New York
3. Satake I-O (1975) Linear algebra (Pure and applied mathematics). Marcel Dekker, New York
4. Satake I (1974) Linear algebra. Shokabo, Tokyo. (in Japanese)
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12 Canonical Forms of Matrices