Traveset A, Richardson DM (2006) Biological invasions as disruptors of plant reproductive
mutualisms. Trends Ecol Evol 21:208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.01.006
Turner SR, Pearce B, Rokich DP et al (2006) Influence of polymer seed coatings, soil raking, and
time of sowing on seedling performance in post-mining restoration. Restor Ecol 14:267–277.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00129.x
Turner KG, Grace K, Anderson S et al (2016) A review of methods, data, and models to assess
changes in the value of ecosystem services from land degradation and restoration a review of
methods, data, and models to assess changes in the value of ecosystem services from land
degradation and resto. Ecol Model 319:190–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.
017
Turpie JK, Marais C, Blignaut JN (2008) The working for water programme: evolution of a
payments for ecosystem services mechanism that addresses both poverty and ecosystem service
delivery in South Africa. Ecol Econ 65:788–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.12.
024
Urgenson LS, Prozesky HE, Esler KJ (2013) Stakeholder perceptions of an ecosystem services
approach to clearing invasive alien plants on private land. Ecol Soc 18:26. https://doi.org/10.
5751/ES-05259-180126
van Wilgen BW (2018) The management of invasive alien plants in South Africa: strategy, progress
and challenges. Outl Pest Manage 29(1):13–17. https://doi.org/10.1564/v29_feb_04
van Wilgen BW, Richardson DM, Seydack AHW (1994) Managing fynbos for biodiversity:
constraints and options in a fire-prone environment. S Afr J Sci 90:322–329
van Wilgen BW, Carruthers J, Cowling RM et al (2016) Ecological research and conservation
management in the Cape Floristic Region between 1945 and 2015: history, current understanding and future challenges ecological research and conservation management in the Cape
Floristic Region between 1945 and 2015. Trans R Soc S Afr 71:207–303. https://doi.org/10.
1080/0035919X.2016.1225607
Vilà M, Espinar JL, Hejda M, Hulme PE, Jarošik V, Maron JL, Pergl J, Schaffner U, Yan Sun Y,
Pyšek P (2011) Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta-analysis of their effects on
species, communities and ecosystems. Ecol Lett 14:702–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14610248.2011.01628.x
Vosse S, Esler KJ, Richardson DM et al (2008) Can riparian seed banks initiate restoration after
alien plant invasion? Evidence from the Western Cape, South Africa. S Afr J Bot 74:432–444.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.170
Waller PA, Anderson PM, Holmes PM et al (2016) Seedling recruitment responses to interventions
in seed-based ecological restoration of Peninsula Shale Renosterveld, Cape Town. S Afr J Bot
103:193–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.09.009
Walters C, Berjak P (2013) Preservation of recalcitrant seeds. Science 339:915–916. https://doi.org/
10.1126/science.1230935
Whisenant SG (1999) Repairing damaged wildlands. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612565
Whisenant SG (2002) Terrestrial systems. In: Perrow MR, Davy AJ (eds) Handbook of ecological
restoration, Principles of restoration, vol 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp
83–105. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511549984.008
Wilson JR, Gaertner M, Griffiths CL et al (2014) Biological invasions in the Cape Floristic Region :
history, current patterns, impacts, and management challenges. In: Allsopp N, Colville JF,
Verboom GA (eds) Fynbos: ecology, evolution, and conservation of a megadiverse region.
Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/
9780199679584.003.0012
Wood AR (2017) Fungi and invasions in South Africa. Bothalia 47:a2124. https://doi.org/10.4102/
abc.v47i2.2124
Yelenik SG, Stock WD, Richardson DM (2004) Ecosystem level impacts of invasive Acacia
saligna in the South African fynbos. Restor Ecol 12:44–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.10612971.2004.00289.x
23 Biological Invasions and Ecological Restoration in South Africa
699
mutualisms. Trends Ecol Evol 21:208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.01.006
Turner SR, Pearce B, Rokich DP et al (2006) Influence of polymer seed coatings, soil raking, and
time of sowing on seedling performance in post-mining restoration. Restor Ecol 14:267–277.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00129.x
Turner KG, Grace K, Anderson S et al (2016) A review of methods, data, and models to assess
changes in the value of ecosystem services from land degradation and restoration a review of
methods, data, and models to assess changes in the value of ecosystem services from land
degradation and resto. Ecol Model 319:190–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.
017
Turpie JK, Marais C, Blignaut JN (2008) The working for water programme: evolution of a
payments for ecosystem services mechanism that addresses both poverty and ecosystem service
delivery in South Africa. Ecol Econ 65:788–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.12.
024
Urgenson LS, Prozesky HE, Esler KJ (2013) Stakeholder perceptions of an ecosystem services
approach to clearing invasive alien plants on private land. Ecol Soc 18:26. https://doi.org/10.
5751/ES-05259-180126
van Wilgen BW (2018) The management of invasive alien plants in South Africa: strategy, progress
and challenges. Outl Pest Manage 29(1):13–17. https://doi.org/10.1564/v29_feb_04
van Wilgen BW, Richardson DM, Seydack AHW (1994) Managing fynbos for biodiversity:
constraints and options in a fire-prone environment. S Afr J Sci 90:322–329
van Wilgen BW, Carruthers J, Cowling RM et al (2016) Ecological research and conservation
management in the Cape Floristic Region between 1945 and 2015: history, current understanding and future challenges ecological research and conservation management in the Cape
Floristic Region between 1945 and 2015. Trans R Soc S Afr 71:207–303. https://doi.org/10.
1080/0035919X.2016.1225607
Vilà M, Espinar JL, Hejda M, Hulme PE, Jarošik V, Maron JL, Pergl J, Schaffner U, Yan Sun Y,
Pyšek P (2011) Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta-analysis of their effects on
species, communities and ecosystems. Ecol Lett 14:702–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14610248.2011.01628.x
Vosse S, Esler KJ, Richardson DM et al (2008) Can riparian seed banks initiate restoration after
alien plant invasion? Evidence from the Western Cape, South Africa. S Afr J Bot 74:432–444.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.170
Waller PA, Anderson PM, Holmes PM et al (2016) Seedling recruitment responses to interventions
in seed-based ecological restoration of Peninsula Shale Renosterveld, Cape Town. S Afr J Bot
103:193–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.09.009
Walters C, Berjak P (2013) Preservation of recalcitrant seeds. Science 339:915–916. https://doi.org/
10.1126/science.1230935
Whisenant SG (1999) Repairing damaged wildlands. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612565
Whisenant SG (2002) Terrestrial systems. In: Perrow MR, Davy AJ (eds) Handbook of ecological
restoration, Principles of restoration, vol 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp
83–105. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511549984.008
Wilson JR, Gaertner M, Griffiths CL et al (2014) Biological invasions in the Cape Floristic Region :
history, current patterns, impacts, and management challenges. In: Allsopp N, Colville JF,
Verboom GA (eds) Fynbos: ecology, evolution, and conservation of a megadiverse region.
Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/
9780199679584.003.0012
Wood AR (2017) Fungi and invasions in South Africa. Bothalia 47:a2124. https://doi.org/10.4102/
abc.v47i2.2124
Yelenik SG, Stock WD, Richardson DM (2004) Ecosystem level impacts of invasive Acacia
saligna in the South African fynbos. Restor Ecol 12:44–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.10612971.2004.00289.x
23 Biological Invasions and Ecological Restoration in South Africa
699