van Wilgen BW, Wilson JR (2018) The status of biological invasions and their management in
South Africa in 2017. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch and
DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch
van Wilgen NJ, Richardson DM, Baard EHW (2008) Alien reptiles and amphibians in South Africa:
towards a pragmatic management strategy. S Afr J Sci 104:13–20
van Wilgen NJ, Roura-Pascual N, Richardson DM (2009) A quantitative climate-match score for
risk-assessment screening of reptile and amphibian introductions. Environ Manag 44:590–607.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9311-y
van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM et al (2020) Biological invasions in South Africa: an
overview. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds)
Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3030-32394-3_1
Weyl OLF, Ellender B, Wassermann RJ et al (2020) Alien freshwater fauna in South Africa. In: van
Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in
South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 151–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_6
Wilson JRU, Gairifo C, Gibson MR et al (2011) Risk assessment, eradication, and biological
control: global efforts to limit Australian acacia invasions. Divers Distrib 17:1030–1046. https://
doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00815.x
Wilson JR, Panetta FD, Lindgren C (2017) Detecting and responding to alien plant incursions.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316155318
Wilson JR, Foxcroft LC, Geerts S et al (2020) The role of environmental factors in promoting
and limiting biological invasions in South Africa. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson
DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp
353–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_13
Woodford DJ, Richardson DM, MacIsaac HJ et al (2016) Confronting the wicked problem of
managing biological invasions. NeoBiota 31:63–86. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.31.10038
Woodford DJ, Ivey P, Jordaan MS et al (2017) Optimising invasive fish management in the context
of invasive species legislation in South Africa. Bothalia 47:245–253. https://doi.org/10.4102/
abc.v47i2.2138
Zachariades C, Paterson ID, Strathie LW et al (2017) Assessing the status of biological control as a
management tool for suppression of invasive alien plants in South Africa. Bothalia 47:254–272.
https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2142
Zengeya T, Ivey P, Woodford DJ et al (2017) Managing conflict-generating invasive species in
South Africa: challenges and trade-offs. Bothalia 47:273–283. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.
v47i2.2160
Zengeya TA, Kumschick S, Weyl OLF et al (2020) An evaluation of the impacts of alien species on
biodiversity in South Africa using different assessment methods. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J,
Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer,
Berlin, pp 487–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_17
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
20 Analysing the Risks Posed by Biological Invasions to South Africa
595
South Africa in 2017. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch and
DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch
van Wilgen NJ, Richardson DM, Baard EHW (2008) Alien reptiles and amphibians in South Africa:
towards a pragmatic management strategy. S Afr J Sci 104:13–20
van Wilgen NJ, Roura-Pascual N, Richardson DM (2009) A quantitative climate-match score for
risk-assessment screening of reptile and amphibian introductions. Environ Manag 44:590–607.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9311-y
van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM et al (2020) Biological invasions in South Africa: an
overview. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds)
Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3030-32394-3_1
Weyl OLF, Ellender B, Wassermann RJ et al (2020) Alien freshwater fauna in South Africa. In: van
Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in
South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 151–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_6
Wilson JRU, Gairifo C, Gibson MR et al (2011) Risk assessment, eradication, and biological
control: global efforts to limit Australian acacia invasions. Divers Distrib 17:1030–1046. https://
doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00815.x
Wilson JR, Panetta FD, Lindgren C (2017) Detecting and responding to alien plant incursions.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316155318
Wilson JR, Foxcroft LC, Geerts S et al (2020) The role of environmental factors in promoting
and limiting biological invasions in South Africa. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson
DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp
353–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_13
Woodford DJ, Richardson DM, MacIsaac HJ et al (2016) Confronting the wicked problem of
managing biological invasions. NeoBiota 31:63–86. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.31.10038
Woodford DJ, Ivey P, Jordaan MS et al (2017) Optimising invasive fish management in the context
of invasive species legislation in South Africa. Bothalia 47:245–253. https://doi.org/10.4102/
abc.v47i2.2138
Zachariades C, Paterson ID, Strathie LW et al (2017) Assessing the status of biological control as a
management tool for suppression of invasive alien plants in South Africa. Bothalia 47:254–272.
https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2142
Zengeya T, Ivey P, Woodford DJ et al (2017) Managing conflict-generating invasive species in
South Africa: challenges and trade-offs. Bothalia 47:273–283. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.
v47i2.2160
Zengeya TA, Kumschick S, Weyl OLF et al (2020) An evaluation of the impacts of alien species on
biodiversity in South Africa using different assessment methods. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J,
Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer,
Berlin, pp 487–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_17
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
20 Analysing the Risks Posed by Biological Invasions to South Africa
595