Kumschick S, Wilson JR, Foxcroft LC (2018) Framework and guidelines for conducting risk
analyses for alien species. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201811.0551.v1
Kumschick S, Foxcroft LC, Wilson JR (2020) Analysing the risks posed by biological invasions to
South Africa. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds)
Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 569–592. https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-3-030-32394-3_20
Kurdila J (1998) The introduction of exotic species into the United States: there goes the neighborhood! BC Envtl Aff L Rev 16:95–119
Le Maitre DC, Versfeld DB, Chapman RA (2000) The impact of invading alien plants on surface
water resources in South Africa: a preliminary assessment. Water SA 26:397–408
Le Maitre DC, Gush MB, Dzikiti S (2015) Impacts of invading alien plant species on water flows at
stand and catchment scales. AoB Plants 7:plv043. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv043
Le Roux J (2002) The biodiversity of South Africa 2002: indicators, trends and human impacts. World
Wildlife Fund, Endangered Wildlife Trust and Nedbank Green. Struik Publishers, Cape Town
Long J (2003) Introduced mammals of the world: their history, distribution and influence. CSIRO,
Melbourne. https://doi.org/10.1071/9780643090156
Mace GM, Collar NJ, Gaston KJ et al (2008) Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN’s system for
classifying threatened species. Conserv Biol 22:1424–1442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15231739.2008.01044.x
Marr SM, Ellender BR, Woodford DJ et al (2017) Evaluating invasion risk for freshwater fishes in
South Africa. Bothalia 47:a2177. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2177
Marris JWM (2000) The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of the Antipodes Islands, with comments on the
impact of mice; and annotated checklist of the insect and arachnid fauna. J R Soc N Z
30:169–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2000.9517616
Mathee CA, Robinson TJ (1999) Mitochondrial DNA population structure of roan and sable
antelope: implications for the translocation and conservation of the species. Mol Ecol
8:227–238. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00556.x
Means DB, Travis J (2007) Declines in ravine-inhabiting dusky salamanders of the southeastern US
coastal plain. Naturalist 6:83–96. https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[83:DIRDSO]2.0.
CO;2
Measey J, Davies SJ, Vimercati G et al (2017) Invasive amphibians in southern Africa: a review of
invasion pathways. Bothalia 47:a2117. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2117
Miranda NAF, Perissinotto R (2014) Effects of an alien invasive gastropod on native benthic
assemblages in coastal lakes of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. Afr Invertebr
55:209–228.
Mittermeier RA, Robles-Gil P, Mittermeier CG (1997) Megadiversity: Earth’s biologically wealthiest nations. CEMEX, Conservation International, Arlington
Mittermeier RA, Robles-Gil P, Hoffmann M et al (2004) Hotspots revisited: Earth’s biologically
richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions. CEMEX, Mexico City
Mo M (2015) The red-whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus in Australia – a global perspective,
history of introduction, current status and potential impacts. Aust Zool 37:461–471. https://doi.
org/10.7882/AZ.2015.014
Moolman HJ, Cowling RM (1994) The impact of elephant and goat grazing on the endemic flora of
South Africa succulent thicket. Biol Conserv 68:53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)
90546-0
Mucina L, Rutherford MC (eds) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa. Lesotho and Swaziland,
South African National Biodiversity Institute
Mugwedi LF (2012) Invasion ecology of Glyceria maxima in KZN Rivers and wetlands. MSc
Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand
Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG et al (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation
priorities. Nature 403:853–858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
Nelufule T (2018) An assessment of alien terrestrial invertebrate species in the pet trade in
South Africa. MSc Thesis, University of Pretoria
17 An Evaluation of the Impacts of Alien Species on Biodiversity
509
analyses for alien species. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201811.0551.v1
Kumschick S, Foxcroft LC, Wilson JR (2020) Analysing the risks posed by biological invasions to
South Africa. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds)
Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 569–592. https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-3-030-32394-3_20
Kurdila J (1998) The introduction of exotic species into the United States: there goes the neighborhood! BC Envtl Aff L Rev 16:95–119
Le Maitre DC, Versfeld DB, Chapman RA (2000) The impact of invading alien plants on surface
water resources in South Africa: a preliminary assessment. Water SA 26:397–408
Le Maitre DC, Gush MB, Dzikiti S (2015) Impacts of invading alien plant species on water flows at
stand and catchment scales. AoB Plants 7:plv043. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv043
Le Roux J (2002) The biodiversity of South Africa 2002: indicators, trends and human impacts. World
Wildlife Fund, Endangered Wildlife Trust and Nedbank Green. Struik Publishers, Cape Town
Long J (2003) Introduced mammals of the world: their history, distribution and influence. CSIRO,
Melbourne. https://doi.org/10.1071/9780643090156
Mace GM, Collar NJ, Gaston KJ et al (2008) Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN’s system for
classifying threatened species. Conserv Biol 22:1424–1442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15231739.2008.01044.x
Marr SM, Ellender BR, Woodford DJ et al (2017) Evaluating invasion risk for freshwater fishes in
South Africa. Bothalia 47:a2177. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2177
Marris JWM (2000) The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of the Antipodes Islands, with comments on the
impact of mice; and annotated checklist of the insect and arachnid fauna. J R Soc N Z
30:169–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2000.9517616
Mathee CA, Robinson TJ (1999) Mitochondrial DNA population structure of roan and sable
antelope: implications for the translocation and conservation of the species. Mol Ecol
8:227–238. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00556.x
Means DB, Travis J (2007) Declines in ravine-inhabiting dusky salamanders of the southeastern US
coastal plain. Naturalist 6:83–96. https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[83:DIRDSO]2.0.
CO;2
Measey J, Davies SJ, Vimercati G et al (2017) Invasive amphibians in southern Africa: a review of
invasion pathways. Bothalia 47:a2117. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2117
Miranda NAF, Perissinotto R (2014) Effects of an alien invasive gastropod on native benthic
assemblages in coastal lakes of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. Afr Invertebr
55:209–228.
Mittermeier RA, Robles-Gil P, Mittermeier CG (1997) Megadiversity: Earth’s biologically wealthiest nations. CEMEX, Conservation International, Arlington
Mittermeier RA, Robles-Gil P, Hoffmann M et al (2004) Hotspots revisited: Earth’s biologically
richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions. CEMEX, Mexico City
Mo M (2015) The red-whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus in Australia – a global perspective,
history of introduction, current status and potential impacts. Aust Zool 37:461–471. https://doi.
org/10.7882/AZ.2015.014
Moolman HJ, Cowling RM (1994) The impact of elephant and goat grazing on the endemic flora of
South Africa succulent thicket. Biol Conserv 68:53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)
90546-0
Mucina L, Rutherford MC (eds) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa. Lesotho and Swaziland,
South African National Biodiversity Institute
Mugwedi LF (2012) Invasion ecology of Glyceria maxima in KZN Rivers and wetlands. MSc
Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand
Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG et al (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation
priorities. Nature 403:853–858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
Nelufule T (2018) An assessment of alien terrestrial invertebrate species in the pet trade in
South Africa. MSc Thesis, University of Pretoria
17 An Evaluation of the Impacts of Alien Species on Biodiversity
509