Skowno AL, Thompson MW, Hiestermann J et al (2017) Woodland expansion in South African
grassy biomes based on satellite observations (1990-2013): general patterns and potential
drivers. Glob Chang Biol 23:2358–2369. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13529
Stafford W, Blignaut J (2017) Reducing landscape restoration costs: feasibility of generating
electricity from invasive alien plant biomass on the Agulhas Plain, South Africa. Ecosyst Serv
27:224–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.04.008
Stafford L, Shemie D, Kroeger T et al (2019) Greater Cape Town water fund business case.
Assessing the return on investment for ecological infrastructure restoration, April 2019. The
Nature Conservancy, Cape Town
Thuiller W, Richardson DM, Rouget M et al (2006) Interactions between environment, species
traits, and human uses describe patterns of plant invasions. Ecology 87:1755–1769. https://doi.
org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1755:IBESTA]2.0.CO;2
van den Berg E (2010) Detection, quantification and monitoring Prosopis spp. in the Northern Cape
Province of South Africa using remote sensing and GIS. North-West University, Potchefstroom
van der Waal BW, Rowntree KM, Radloff SE (2012) The effect of Acacia mearnsii invasion and
clearing on soil loss in the Kouga mountains, Eastern Cape, South Africa. L Degrad Dev
23:577–585. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2172
van der Zel DW (1975) Results of the multiple catchment experiments at the Jonkershoek Research
station, South Africa. 2. Influence of protection of fynbos on stream discharge in Langrivier. For
South Africa 16:13–18
van Lill WS, Kruger FJ, van Wyk DB (1980) Streamflow responses to afforestation with Eucalyptus
grandis Hill Ex Maiden and Pinus patula Schlecht. Et Cham. on streamflow from experimental
catchments at Mokobulaan, Traansvaal. J Hydrol 45:107–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/00221694(80)90069-4
van Niekerk PH (2013) Hydrologic-economic appraisal of inter-basin water transfer projects.
Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v39i4.13
van Niekerk A, Jarmain C, Goudriaan R et al (2018) An earth observation approach towards
mapping irrigated area and quantifying water use by irrigated crops in South Africa. WRC
Report TT 745/17. Water Research Commission, Pretoria
van Wilgen BW, Scott DF (2001) Managing fires on the Cape Peninsula: dealing with the
inevitable. J Mediterr Ecol 2:197–208
van Wilgen BW, Wilson JR (eds) (2018) The status of biological invasions and their management in
South Africa in 2017. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch and
DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch
van Wilgen BW, Bond WJ, Richardson DM (1992) Ecosystem management. In: Cowling RM
(ed) The ecology of fynbos: nutrients, fire and diversity. Oxford University Press, Cape Town,
pp 345–371
van Wilgen BW, Little PR, Chapman RA et al (1997) The sustainable development of water
resources: history, financial costs, and benefits of alien plant control programmes. S Afr J Sci
93:404–411
van Wilgen BW, Le Maitre DC, Cowling RM (1998) Ecosystem services, efficiency, sustainability
and equity: South Africa’s Working for Water Programme. Trends Ecol Evol 13:378. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01434-7
van Wilgen BW, Nel JL, Rouget M (2007) Invasive alien plants and South African rivers: a
proposed approach to the prioritization of control operations. Freshw Biol 52:711–723.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01711.x
van Wilgen BW, Carruthers J, Cowling RM et al (2016) Ecological research and conservation
management in the Cape Floristic Region between 1945 and 2015: history, current understanding and future challenges. Trans R Soc South Africa 71:207–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/
0035919X.2016.1225607
van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (2020) Biological invasions
in South Africa—an overview. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR,
Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 3–30. https://
doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_1
456
D. C. Le Maitre et al.
grassy biomes based on satellite observations (1990-2013): general patterns and potential
drivers. Glob Chang Biol 23:2358–2369. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13529
Stafford W, Blignaut J (2017) Reducing landscape restoration costs: feasibility of generating
electricity from invasive alien plant biomass on the Agulhas Plain, South Africa. Ecosyst Serv
27:224–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.04.008
Stafford L, Shemie D, Kroeger T et al (2019) Greater Cape Town water fund business case.
Assessing the return on investment for ecological infrastructure restoration, April 2019. The
Nature Conservancy, Cape Town
Thuiller W, Richardson DM, Rouget M et al (2006) Interactions between environment, species
traits, and human uses describe patterns of plant invasions. Ecology 87:1755–1769. https://doi.
org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1755:IBESTA]2.0.CO;2
van den Berg E (2010) Detection, quantification and monitoring Prosopis spp. in the Northern Cape
Province of South Africa using remote sensing and GIS. North-West University, Potchefstroom
van der Waal BW, Rowntree KM, Radloff SE (2012) The effect of Acacia mearnsii invasion and
clearing on soil loss in the Kouga mountains, Eastern Cape, South Africa. L Degrad Dev
23:577–585. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2172
van der Zel DW (1975) Results of the multiple catchment experiments at the Jonkershoek Research
station, South Africa. 2. Influence of protection of fynbos on stream discharge in Langrivier. For
South Africa 16:13–18
van Lill WS, Kruger FJ, van Wyk DB (1980) Streamflow responses to afforestation with Eucalyptus
grandis Hill Ex Maiden and Pinus patula Schlecht. Et Cham. on streamflow from experimental
catchments at Mokobulaan, Traansvaal. J Hydrol 45:107–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/00221694(80)90069-4
van Niekerk PH (2013) Hydrologic-economic appraisal of inter-basin water transfer projects.
Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v39i4.13
van Niekerk A, Jarmain C, Goudriaan R et al (2018) An earth observation approach towards
mapping irrigated area and quantifying water use by irrigated crops in South Africa. WRC
Report TT 745/17. Water Research Commission, Pretoria
van Wilgen BW, Scott DF (2001) Managing fires on the Cape Peninsula: dealing with the
inevitable. J Mediterr Ecol 2:197–208
van Wilgen BW, Wilson JR (eds) (2018) The status of biological invasions and their management in
South Africa in 2017. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch and
DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch
van Wilgen BW, Bond WJ, Richardson DM (1992) Ecosystem management. In: Cowling RM
(ed) The ecology of fynbos: nutrients, fire and diversity. Oxford University Press, Cape Town,
pp 345–371
van Wilgen BW, Little PR, Chapman RA et al (1997) The sustainable development of water
resources: history, financial costs, and benefits of alien plant control programmes. S Afr J Sci
93:404–411
van Wilgen BW, Le Maitre DC, Cowling RM (1998) Ecosystem services, efficiency, sustainability
and equity: South Africa’s Working for Water Programme. Trends Ecol Evol 13:378. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01434-7
van Wilgen BW, Nel JL, Rouget M (2007) Invasive alien plants and South African rivers: a
proposed approach to the prioritization of control operations. Freshw Biol 52:711–723.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01711.x
van Wilgen BW, Carruthers J, Cowling RM et al (2016) Ecological research and conservation
management in the Cape Floristic Region between 1945 and 2015: history, current understanding and future challenges. Trans R Soc South Africa 71:207–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/
0035919X.2016.1225607
van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (2020) Biological invasions
in South Africa—an overview. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR,
Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 3–30. https://
doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_1
456
D. C. Le Maitre et al.