O’Connor TG, Puttick JR, Hoffman MT (2014) Bush encroachment in southern Africa: changes
and causes. Afr J Range Forage Sci 31:67–88. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2014.939996
Preston IR (2015) Water supply development decision-making in South Africa. Rhodes University,
Grahamstown
Preston IR, Le Maitre DC, Blignaut JN et al (2018) Impact of invasive alien plants on water
provision in selected catchments. Water SA 44:719. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v44i4.20
Prinsloo FW, Scott DF (1999) Streamflow responses to the clearing of alien invasive trees from
riparian zones at three sites in the Western Cape Province. South African For J 185:1–7. https://
doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1999.9631220
Richardson DM, Allsopp N, D’Antonio CM et al (1994) Plant invasions – the role of mutualisms.
Biol Rev 75:65–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00041.x
Richardson DM, Macdonald IAW, Hoffmann JH, Henderson L (1997) Alien plant invasions. In:
Cowling RM, Richardson DM, Pierce SM (eds) Vegetation of Southern Africa. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, pp 535–570
Richardson DM, Cambray JA, Chapman RA et al (2003) Vectors and pathways of biological
invasions in South Africa – past, present, and future. In: Ruiz G, Carlton J (eds) Invasive
species: vectors and management strategies, 1st edn. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 292–349
Richardson DM, Iponga DM, Roura-Pascual N et al (2010) Accommodating scenarios of climate
change and management in modelling the distribution of the invasive tree Schinus molle in
South Africa. Ecography (Cop) 33:1049–1061. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.
06350.x
Rouget M, Richardson DM, Nel JL, van Wilgen BW (2003) Commercially important trees as
invasive aliens – towards spatially explicit risk assessment at a national scale. Biol Invasions
4:397–412. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023611713339
Rouget M, Hui C, Renteria J et al (2015) Plant invasions as a biogeographical assay: vegetation
biomes constrain the distribution of invasive alien species assemblages. South Afr J Bot
101:24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.04.009
Rutherford MC, Midgley GF, Bond WJ et al (1999) South African country study on climate change.
Plant biodiversity: vulnerability and adaptation assessment. National Botanical Institute, Cape
Town
Rutherford MC, Mucina L, Powrie LW (2006) Biomes and bioregions of Southern Africa. In:
Mucina L, Rutherford MC (eds) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.
Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp 32–51
Schulze RE (1979) Hydrology and water resources of the Drakensberg. Natal Town and Regional
Planning Commission, Pietermaritzburg
Scott DF (1993) The hydrological effects of fire in South African mountain catchments. J Hydrol
150:409–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90119-T
Scott DF (1999) Managing riparian zone vegetation to sustain streamflow: results of paired
catchment studies in South Africa. Can J For Res 29:1149–1157. https://doi.org/10.1139/x99042
Scott DF, Prinsloo FW, Moses G et al (2000) A re-analysis of the South African catchment
afforestation experimental data. Report No. 810/1/00, Water Research Commission, Pretoria
Scott DF, Bruijnzeel LA, Vertessy R, Calder IR (2004) Forest hydrology: impacts of forest
plantations on streamflow. In: Burley J, Evans J, Youngquist JA (eds) The encyclopedia of
forest sciences. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 367–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-145160-7/002726
Scott-Shaw BC, Everson CS (2018) Water-use dynamics of an alien invaded riparian forest within
the summer rainfall zone of South Africa. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci:1–21. https://doi.org/10.5194/
hess-2018-227-AC5
Shackleton CM, McGarry D, Fourie S et al (2007) Assessing the effects of invasive alien species on
rural livelihoods: case examples and a framework from South Africa. Hum Ecol 35:113–127.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-006-9095-0
15 Impacts of Plant Invasions on Terrestrial Water Flows in South Africa
455
and causes. Afr J Range Forage Sci 31:67–88. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2014.939996
Preston IR (2015) Water supply development decision-making in South Africa. Rhodes University,
Grahamstown
Preston IR, Le Maitre DC, Blignaut JN et al (2018) Impact of invasive alien plants on water
provision in selected catchments. Water SA 44:719. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v44i4.20
Prinsloo FW, Scott DF (1999) Streamflow responses to the clearing of alien invasive trees from
riparian zones at three sites in the Western Cape Province. South African For J 185:1–7. https://
doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1999.9631220
Richardson DM, Allsopp N, D’Antonio CM et al (1994) Plant invasions – the role of mutualisms.
Biol Rev 75:65–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00041.x
Richardson DM, Macdonald IAW, Hoffmann JH, Henderson L (1997) Alien plant invasions. In:
Cowling RM, Richardson DM, Pierce SM (eds) Vegetation of Southern Africa. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, pp 535–570
Richardson DM, Cambray JA, Chapman RA et al (2003) Vectors and pathways of biological
invasions in South Africa – past, present, and future. In: Ruiz G, Carlton J (eds) Invasive
species: vectors and management strategies, 1st edn. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 292–349
Richardson DM, Iponga DM, Roura-Pascual N et al (2010) Accommodating scenarios of climate
change and management in modelling the distribution of the invasive tree Schinus molle in
South Africa. Ecography (Cop) 33:1049–1061. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.
06350.x
Rouget M, Richardson DM, Nel JL, van Wilgen BW (2003) Commercially important trees as
invasive aliens – towards spatially explicit risk assessment at a national scale. Biol Invasions
4:397–412. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023611713339
Rouget M, Hui C, Renteria J et al (2015) Plant invasions as a biogeographical assay: vegetation
biomes constrain the distribution of invasive alien species assemblages. South Afr J Bot
101:24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.04.009
Rutherford MC, Midgley GF, Bond WJ et al (1999) South African country study on climate change.
Plant biodiversity: vulnerability and adaptation assessment. National Botanical Institute, Cape
Town
Rutherford MC, Mucina L, Powrie LW (2006) Biomes and bioregions of Southern Africa. In:
Mucina L, Rutherford MC (eds) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.
Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp 32–51
Schulze RE (1979) Hydrology and water resources of the Drakensberg. Natal Town and Regional
Planning Commission, Pietermaritzburg
Scott DF (1993) The hydrological effects of fire in South African mountain catchments. J Hydrol
150:409–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90119-T
Scott DF (1999) Managing riparian zone vegetation to sustain streamflow: results of paired
catchment studies in South Africa. Can J For Res 29:1149–1157. https://doi.org/10.1139/x99042
Scott DF, Prinsloo FW, Moses G et al (2000) A re-analysis of the South African catchment
afforestation experimental data. Report No. 810/1/00, Water Research Commission, Pretoria
Scott DF, Bruijnzeel LA, Vertessy R, Calder IR (2004) Forest hydrology: impacts of forest
plantations on streamflow. In: Burley J, Evans J, Youngquist JA (eds) The encyclopedia of
forest sciences. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 367–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-145160-7/002726
Scott-Shaw BC, Everson CS (2018) Water-use dynamics of an alien invaded riparian forest within
the summer rainfall zone of South Africa. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci:1–21. https://doi.org/10.5194/
hess-2018-227-AC5
Shackleton CM, McGarry D, Fourie S et al (2007) Assessing the effects of invasive alien species on
rural livelihoods: case examples and a framework from South Africa. Hum Ecol 35:113–127.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-006-9095-0
15 Impacts of Plant Invasions on Terrestrial Water Flows in South Africa
455