Knevel IC, Lans T, Menting FBJ et al (2004) Release from native root herbivores and biotic
resistance by soil pathogens in a new habitat both affect the alien Ammophila arenaria in
South Africa. Oecologia 141:502–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1662-8
Knight RS (1986) A comparative analysis of fleshy fruit displays in alien and indigenous plants. In:
Macdonald IAW, Kruger FJ, Ferrar AA (eds) The ecology and management of biological
invasions in Southern Africa. Oxford University Press, Cape Town, pp 171–178
Knight RS (1988) Aspects of plant dispersal in the south-western Cape with particular reference to
the roles of birds as dispersal agents. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Knight RS, Macdonald IAW (1991) Acacias and korhaans: an artificially assembled seed dispersal
system. S Afr J Bot 57:220–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)30942-5
Knight RS, Siegfried WR (1983) Inter-relationships between type, size and colour of fruits and
dispersal in southern African trees. Oecologia 56:405–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/
BF00379720
Lach L (2007) A mutualism with native membracid facilitates pollinator displacement by Argentine
ants. Ecology 88:1994–2004. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1767.1
Le Roux JJ, Geerts S, Ivey P et al (2010) Molecular systematics and ecology of invasive Kangaroo
Paws in South Africa: management implications for a horticulturally important genus. Biol
Invasions 12:3989–4002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9818-4
Le Roux JJ, Mavengere N, Ellis AG (2016) The structure of legume-rhizobium interaction networks
and their response to tree invasions. AoB Plants 8:plw038. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/
plw038
Le Roux JJ, Hui C, Keet JH et al (2017) Co-introduction vs ecological fitting as pathways to the
establishment of effective mutualisms during biological invasions. New Phytol 215:1354–1360.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14593
Le Roux JJ, Ellis AG, van Zyl LM et al (2018) Importance of soil legacy effects and successful
mutualistic interactions during Australian acacia invasions in nutrient poor environments. J Ecol
106:2071–2081. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12965
Lombaert E, Guillemaud T, Cornuet JM et al (2010) Bridgehead effect in the worldwide invasion of
the biocontrol harlequin ladybird. PLoS One 5:e9743. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.
0009743
Lotter WD, Thatcher L, Rossouw L et al (1999) The influence of baboon predation and time in
water on germination and early establishment of Opuntia stricta (Australian pest pear) in Kruger
National Park. Koedoe 42:43–50. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v42i1.220
Malan AP, Moore SD (2016) Evaluation of local entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of
false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick, 1913), in a citrus orchard in
South Africa. Afr Entomol 24:489–501. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.024.0489
Manongi FS, Hoffmann JH (1995) The incidence of parasitism in Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a gall-forming biological control agent of Acacia longifolia
(Fabaceae) in South Africa. Afr Entomol 3:147–151
Marquet N, Nicastro KR, Gektidis M et al (2013) Comparison of phototrophic shell-degrading
endoliths in invasive and native populations of the intertidal mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
Biol Invasions 15:1253–1272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0363-1
McGeoch MA, Wossler TC (2000) Range expansion and success of the weed biocontrol agent
Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in South Africa. Afr
Entomol 8:273–280
McGeoch MA, Sithole H, Samways MJ et al (2011) Conservation and monitoring of invertebrates
in terrestrial protected areas. Koedoe 53:1–13. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.1000
Measey J, Hui C, Somers M (2020) Terrestrial vertebrate invasions in South Africa. In: van Wilgen
BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in
South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 113–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_5
Mgocheki N, Addison P (2010) Spatial distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), vine
mealybugs and mealybug parasitoids in vineyards. J Appl Entomol 134:285–295. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01494.x
14 Biotic Interactions as Mediators of Biological Invasions
421
resistance by soil pathogens in a new habitat both affect the alien Ammophila arenaria in
South Africa. Oecologia 141:502–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1662-8
Knight RS (1986) A comparative analysis of fleshy fruit displays in alien and indigenous plants. In:
Macdonald IAW, Kruger FJ, Ferrar AA (eds) The ecology and management of biological
invasions in Southern Africa. Oxford University Press, Cape Town, pp 171–178
Knight RS (1988) Aspects of plant dispersal in the south-western Cape with particular reference to
the roles of birds as dispersal agents. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Knight RS, Macdonald IAW (1991) Acacias and korhaans: an artificially assembled seed dispersal
system. S Afr J Bot 57:220–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)30942-5
Knight RS, Siegfried WR (1983) Inter-relationships between type, size and colour of fruits and
dispersal in southern African trees. Oecologia 56:405–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/
BF00379720
Lach L (2007) A mutualism with native membracid facilitates pollinator displacement by Argentine
ants. Ecology 88:1994–2004. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1767.1
Le Roux JJ, Geerts S, Ivey P et al (2010) Molecular systematics and ecology of invasive Kangaroo
Paws in South Africa: management implications for a horticulturally important genus. Biol
Invasions 12:3989–4002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9818-4
Le Roux JJ, Mavengere N, Ellis AG (2016) The structure of legume-rhizobium interaction networks
and their response to tree invasions. AoB Plants 8:plw038. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/
plw038
Le Roux JJ, Hui C, Keet JH et al (2017) Co-introduction vs ecological fitting as pathways to the
establishment of effective mutualisms during biological invasions. New Phytol 215:1354–1360.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14593
Le Roux JJ, Ellis AG, van Zyl LM et al (2018) Importance of soil legacy effects and successful
mutualistic interactions during Australian acacia invasions in nutrient poor environments. J Ecol
106:2071–2081. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12965
Lombaert E, Guillemaud T, Cornuet JM et al (2010) Bridgehead effect in the worldwide invasion of
the biocontrol harlequin ladybird. PLoS One 5:e9743. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.
0009743
Lotter WD, Thatcher L, Rossouw L et al (1999) The influence of baboon predation and time in
water on germination and early establishment of Opuntia stricta (Australian pest pear) in Kruger
National Park. Koedoe 42:43–50. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v42i1.220
Malan AP, Moore SD (2016) Evaluation of local entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of
false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick, 1913), in a citrus orchard in
South Africa. Afr Entomol 24:489–501. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.024.0489
Manongi FS, Hoffmann JH (1995) The incidence of parasitism in Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a gall-forming biological control agent of Acacia longifolia
(Fabaceae) in South Africa. Afr Entomol 3:147–151
Marquet N, Nicastro KR, Gektidis M et al (2013) Comparison of phototrophic shell-degrading
endoliths in invasive and native populations of the intertidal mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
Biol Invasions 15:1253–1272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0363-1
McGeoch MA, Wossler TC (2000) Range expansion and success of the weed biocontrol agent
Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in South Africa. Afr
Entomol 8:273–280
McGeoch MA, Sithole H, Samways MJ et al (2011) Conservation and monitoring of invertebrates
in terrestrial protected areas. Koedoe 53:1–13. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.1000
Measey J, Hui C, Somers M (2020) Terrestrial vertebrate invasions in South Africa. In: van Wilgen
BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in
South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 113–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_5
Mgocheki N, Addison P (2010) Spatial distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), vine
mealybugs and mealybug parasitoids in vineyards. J Appl Entomol 134:285–295. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01494.x
14 Biotic Interactions as Mediators of Biological Invasions
421