Section 1.1. Available from the South African Risk and Vulnerability Atlas. Online Spatial
Database 2.0. http://sarva2.dirisa.org/resources/documents, Pretoria
Shackleton RT, Le Maitre DC, van Wilgen BW, Richardson DM (2015) The impact of invasive
alien Prosopis species (mesquite) on native plants in different environments in South Africa. S
Afr J Bot 97:25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.12.008
Singh D, Olckers T (2017) Climate constrains the establishment and proliferation of Anthonomus
santacruzi, a flower-feeding biological control agent of the invasive weed Solanum
mauritianum in South Africa. Biocontrol Sci Tech 27:475–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/
09583157.2017.1303663
Smith AB, Godsoe W, Rodriguez-Sanchez F, Wang HH, Warren D (2019) Niche estimation above
and below the species level. Trends Ecol Evol 34:260–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.
10.012
Smithers JC, Schulze RE, Pike A, Jewitt GPW (2001) A hydrological perspective of the February
2000 floods: a case study in the Sabie River Catchment. Water SA 27:325–332
Steinschen AK, Gorne A, Milton SJ (1996) Threats to the Namaqualand flowers: outcompeted by
grass or exterminated by grazing? S Afr J Sci 92:237–242
Strum SC, Stirling G, Mutunga SK (2015) The perfect storm: land use change promotes Opuntia
stricta’s invasion of pastoral rangelands in Kenya. J Arid Environ 118:37–47. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jaridenv.2015.02.015
te Beest M, Cromsigt J, Ngobese J, Olff H (2012) Managing invasions at the cost of native habitat?
An experimental test of the impact of fire on the invasion of Chromolaena odorata in a
South African savanna. Biol Invasions 14:607–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z
Terzano D et al (2018) Environmental and anthropogenic determinants of the spread of alien plant
species: insights from South Africa’s quaternary catchments. Plant Ecol 219:277–297. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s11258-018-0795-5
Thompson GD et al (2011) Predicting the subspecific identity of invasive species using distribution
models: Acacia saligna as an example. Divers Distrib 17:1001–1014
Thuiller W, Richardson DM, Rouget M, Procheş Ş, Wilson JRU (2006) Interactions between
environment, species traits and human uses describe patterns of plant invasion. Ecology
87:1755–1769
Tolley KA, Bowie RCK, Measey GJ, Price BW, Forest F (2014) The shifting landscape of genes
since the Pliocene: terrestrial phylogeography in the Greater Cape Floristic Region. In:
Allsopp N, Colville JF, Verboom GA (eds) Fynbos: ecology, evolution, and conservation of a
megadiverse region. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 142–163
Trethowan PD, Robertson MP, McConnachie AJ (2011) Ecological niche modelling of an invasive
alien plant and its potential biological control agents. S Afr J Bot 77:137–146. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.sajb.2010.07.007
Turner MG, Dale VH (1998) Comparing large, infrequent disturbances: what have we learned?
Ecosystems 1:493–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900045
USGS (2014) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, 1 Arc-Second Global, Global Land Cover
Facility. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. http://dwtkns.com/srtm30m.
Accessed 1 Dec 2017
van Rensburg J, van Wilgen BW, Richardson DM (2018) Reconstructing the spread of invasive
alien plants on privately-owned land in the Cape Floristic Region: Vergelegen Wine Estate as a
case study. S Afr Geogr J 100:180–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2017.1340187
van Wilgen BW, Richardson DM (2012) Three centuries of managing introduced conifers in
South Africa: benefits, impacts, changing perceptions and conflict resolution. J Environ
Manag 106:56–68
van Wilgen BW, Scholes RJ (1997) The vegetation and fire regimes of southern hemisphere Africa.
In: van Wilgen BW, Andreae MO, Goldammer GJ, Lindesay JA (eds) Fire in southern African
savannas: ecological and atmospheric perspectives. Wits University Press, Johannesburg, pp
27–46
van Wilgen BW, Le Maitre DC, Kruger FJ (1985) Fire behaviour in South African fynbos
(macchia) vegetation and predictions from Rothermel’s fire model. J Appl Ecol 22:207–216
384
J. R. Wilson et al.
Database 2.0. http://sarva2.dirisa.org/resources/documents, Pretoria
Shackleton RT, Le Maitre DC, van Wilgen BW, Richardson DM (2015) The impact of invasive
alien Prosopis species (mesquite) on native plants in different environments in South Africa. S
Afr J Bot 97:25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.12.008
Singh D, Olckers T (2017) Climate constrains the establishment and proliferation of Anthonomus
santacruzi, a flower-feeding biological control agent of the invasive weed Solanum
mauritianum in South Africa. Biocontrol Sci Tech 27:475–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/
09583157.2017.1303663
Smith AB, Godsoe W, Rodriguez-Sanchez F, Wang HH, Warren D (2019) Niche estimation above
and below the species level. Trends Ecol Evol 34:260–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.
10.012
Smithers JC, Schulze RE, Pike A, Jewitt GPW (2001) A hydrological perspective of the February
2000 floods: a case study in the Sabie River Catchment. Water SA 27:325–332
Steinschen AK, Gorne A, Milton SJ (1996) Threats to the Namaqualand flowers: outcompeted by
grass or exterminated by grazing? S Afr J Sci 92:237–242
Strum SC, Stirling G, Mutunga SK (2015) The perfect storm: land use change promotes Opuntia
stricta’s invasion of pastoral rangelands in Kenya. J Arid Environ 118:37–47. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jaridenv.2015.02.015
te Beest M, Cromsigt J, Ngobese J, Olff H (2012) Managing invasions at the cost of native habitat?
An experimental test of the impact of fire on the invasion of Chromolaena odorata in a
South African savanna. Biol Invasions 14:607–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z
Terzano D et al (2018) Environmental and anthropogenic determinants of the spread of alien plant
species: insights from South Africa’s quaternary catchments. Plant Ecol 219:277–297. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s11258-018-0795-5
Thompson GD et al (2011) Predicting the subspecific identity of invasive species using distribution
models: Acacia saligna as an example. Divers Distrib 17:1001–1014
Thuiller W, Richardson DM, Rouget M, Procheş Ş, Wilson JRU (2006) Interactions between
environment, species traits and human uses describe patterns of plant invasion. Ecology
87:1755–1769
Tolley KA, Bowie RCK, Measey GJ, Price BW, Forest F (2014) The shifting landscape of genes
since the Pliocene: terrestrial phylogeography in the Greater Cape Floristic Region. In:
Allsopp N, Colville JF, Verboom GA (eds) Fynbos: ecology, evolution, and conservation of a
megadiverse region. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 142–163
Trethowan PD, Robertson MP, McConnachie AJ (2011) Ecological niche modelling of an invasive
alien plant and its potential biological control agents. S Afr J Bot 77:137–146. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.sajb.2010.07.007
Turner MG, Dale VH (1998) Comparing large, infrequent disturbances: what have we learned?
Ecosystems 1:493–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900045
USGS (2014) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, 1 Arc-Second Global, Global Land Cover
Facility. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. http://dwtkns.com/srtm30m.
Accessed 1 Dec 2017
van Rensburg J, van Wilgen BW, Richardson DM (2018) Reconstructing the spread of invasive
alien plants on privately-owned land in the Cape Floristic Region: Vergelegen Wine Estate as a
case study. S Afr Geogr J 100:180–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2017.1340187
van Wilgen BW, Richardson DM (2012) Three centuries of managing introduced conifers in
South Africa: benefits, impacts, changing perceptions and conflict resolution. J Environ
Manag 106:56–68
van Wilgen BW, Scholes RJ (1997) The vegetation and fire regimes of southern hemisphere Africa.
In: van Wilgen BW, Andreae MO, Goldammer GJ, Lindesay JA (eds) Fire in southern African
savannas: ecological and atmospheric perspectives. Wits University Press, Johannesburg, pp
27–46
van Wilgen BW, Le Maitre DC, Kruger FJ (1985) Fire behaviour in South African fynbos
(macchia) vegetation and predictions from Rothermel’s fire model. J Appl Ecol 22:207–216
384
J. R. Wilson et al.