von der Lippe M, Kowarik I (2008) Do cities export biodiversity? Traffic as dispersal vector across
urban–rural gradients. Divers Distrib 14:18–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.
00401.x
Walker GA, Robertson MP, Gaertner M et al (2017) The potential range of Ailanthus altissima (tree
of heaven) in South Africa: the roles of climate, land use and disturbance. Biol Invasions
19:3675–3690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1597-8
Williamson M, Fitter A (1996) The varying success of invaders. Ecology 77:1661–1666. https://
doi.org/10.2307/2265769
Wood AR (2017) Fungi and invasions in South Africa. Bothalia 47(2):1–16. https://doi.org/10.
4102/abc.v47i2.2124
Zengeya T, Ivey P, Woodford DJ et al (2017) Managing conflict-generating invasive species in
South Africa: challenges and trade-offs. Bothalia 47(2):a2142. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.
v47i2.2160
Zengeya TA, Kumschick S, Weyl OLF et al (2020) An evaluation of the impacts of alien species on
biodiversity in South Africa using different assessment methods. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J,
Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya T (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer,
Berlin, pp 487–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_17
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
11 Biological Invasions in South Africa’s Urban Ecosystems
309
urban–rural gradients. Divers Distrib 14:18–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.
00401.x
Walker GA, Robertson MP, Gaertner M et al (2017) The potential range of Ailanthus altissima (tree
of heaven) in South Africa: the roles of climate, land use and disturbance. Biol Invasions
19:3675–3690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1597-8
Williamson M, Fitter A (1996) The varying success of invaders. Ecology 77:1661–1666. https://
doi.org/10.2307/2265769
Wood AR (2017) Fungi and invasions in South Africa. Bothalia 47(2):1–16. https://doi.org/10.
4102/abc.v47i2.2124
Zengeya T, Ivey P, Woodford DJ et al (2017) Managing conflict-generating invasive species in
South Africa: challenges and trade-offs. Bothalia 47(2):a2142. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.
v47i2.2160
Zengeya TA, Kumschick S, Weyl OLF et al (2020) An evaluation of the impacts of alien species on
biodiversity in South Africa using different assessment methods. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J,
Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya T (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer,
Berlin, pp 487–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_17
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
11 Biological Invasions in South Africa’s Urban Ecosystems
309