Padilla DK, Williams SL (2004) Beyond ballast water: aquarium and ornamental trades as sources
of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 2:131–138. https://doi.org/10.
1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0131:BBWAAO]2.0.CO;2
Prach K, Bartha S, Joyce CB et al (2001) The role of spontaneous vegetation succession in
ecosystem restoration: a perspective. Appl Veg Sci 4:111–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654109X.2001.tb00241.x
Ruiz Téllez T, Martín de Rodrigo López E, Lorenzo Granado G, Albano Pérez E, Morán López R,
Sánchez Guzmán J (2008) The water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes: an invasive plant in the
Guadiana River Basin (Spain). Aquat Invasions 3:42–53. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2008.3.1.8
Scheffer M, Szabó S, Gragnani A et al (2003) Floating plant dominance as a stable state. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 100:4040–4045. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0737918100
Schooler S, Cabrera-Walsh W, Julien M (2009) Cabomba caroliniana Gray (Cabombaceae). In:
Muniappan R, Reddy GVP, Raman A (eds) Biological control of tropical weeds using arthropods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 88–107. https://doi.org/10.1017/
CBO9780511576348.006
Smith R, Mangan R, Coetzee JA (2019) Risk assessment to interpret the physiological host range of
Hydrellia egeriae, a biocontrol agent for Egeria densa. BioControl 64(4):447–456. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10526-019-09942-4
Strange EF, Hill JM, Coetzee JA (2018) Evidence for a new regime shift between floating and
submerged invasive plant dominance in South Africa. Hydrobiologia 817:349–362. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10750-018-3506-2
Tamayo M, Olden JD (2014) Forecasting the vulnerability of lakes to aquatic plant invasions. Invas
Plant Sci Manage 7:32–45. https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00036.1
van Wilgen BW, Wilson JR (2018) The status of biological invasions and their management in
South Africa 2017. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch and DST-NRF
Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch
van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM et al (2020) Biological invasions in South Africa: an
overview. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds)
Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3030-32394-3_29
van Wyk E, van Wilgen B (2002) The cost of water hyacinth control in South Africa: a case study of
three options. Afr J Aquat Sci 27:141–149. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2002.9626585
Young TP (2000) Restoration ecology and conservation biology. Biol Conserv 92:73–83. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00057-9
Zachariades C, Paterson ID, Strathie LW, Hill MP, van Wilgen BW (2017) Biological control as a
management tool for suppression of invasive alien plants in South Africa. Bothalia 47(2).
https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2142
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
114
M. P. Hill et al.
of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 2:131–138. https://doi.org/10.
1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0131:BBWAAO]2.0.CO;2
Prach K, Bartha S, Joyce CB et al (2001) The role of spontaneous vegetation succession in
ecosystem restoration: a perspective. Appl Veg Sci 4:111–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654109X.2001.tb00241.x
Ruiz Téllez T, Martín de Rodrigo López E, Lorenzo Granado G, Albano Pérez E, Morán López R,
Sánchez Guzmán J (2008) The water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes: an invasive plant in the
Guadiana River Basin (Spain). Aquat Invasions 3:42–53. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2008.3.1.8
Scheffer M, Szabó S, Gragnani A et al (2003) Floating plant dominance as a stable state. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 100:4040–4045. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0737918100
Schooler S, Cabrera-Walsh W, Julien M (2009) Cabomba caroliniana Gray (Cabombaceae). In:
Muniappan R, Reddy GVP, Raman A (eds) Biological control of tropical weeds using arthropods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 88–107. https://doi.org/10.1017/
CBO9780511576348.006
Smith R, Mangan R, Coetzee JA (2019) Risk assessment to interpret the physiological host range of
Hydrellia egeriae, a biocontrol agent for Egeria densa. BioControl 64(4):447–456. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10526-019-09942-4
Strange EF, Hill JM, Coetzee JA (2018) Evidence for a new regime shift between floating and
submerged invasive plant dominance in South Africa. Hydrobiologia 817:349–362. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10750-018-3506-2
Tamayo M, Olden JD (2014) Forecasting the vulnerability of lakes to aquatic plant invasions. Invas
Plant Sci Manage 7:32–45. https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00036.1
van Wilgen BW, Wilson JR (2018) The status of biological invasions and their management in
South Africa 2017. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch and DST-NRF
Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch
van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM et al (2020) Biological invasions in South Africa: an
overview. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds)
Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3030-32394-3_29
van Wyk E, van Wilgen B (2002) The cost of water hyacinth control in South Africa: a case study of
three options. Afr J Aquat Sci 27:141–149. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2002.9626585
Young TP (2000) Restoration ecology and conservation biology. Biol Conserv 92:73–83. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00057-9
Zachariades C, Paterson ID, Strathie LW, Hill MP, van Wilgen BW (2017) Biological control as a
management tool for suppression of invasive alien plants in South Africa. Bothalia 47(2).
https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2142
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
114
M. P. Hill et al.