Nasturtium officinale
W.T. Aiton (Brassicaceae);
Watercress
Rooted
emergent
Invasive
Occurs throughout South Africa
Long established
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Chemical and mechanical control Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Hydrocleys nymphoides
(Humb. & Bonpl. ex
Willd.) Buchenau
(Alismataceae); Water
Poppy
Rooted
floating
Introduced but not naturalised
Recorded from two sites in KwaZulu-Natal
Recent introduction
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Eradication may be possible
using chemical and manual
control
Nxumalo et al.
(2016), Hill and
Coetzee (2017)
Sagittaria latifolia
Willd.
(Alismataceae); Broadleaf
Arrowhead
Rooted
emergent
Recorded from one site in KwaZuluNatal
Recent introduction
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Eradication may be possible
using chemical and manual
control
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Nymphoides peltata
(S.G. Gmel.) Kuntze
(Menyanthaceae); Floating
Heart
Rooted
floating
Introduced but not naturalised
Recorded from one site in Gauteng
Recent introduction
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Eradication may be possible
using chemical and manual
control
Hill and Coetzee
(2017), Cheek
(2018)
Cabomba caroliniana
A.Gray
(Cabombaceae); Fanwort
Submerged
Introduced but not naturalised
Recorded from two sites in KwaZulu-Natal
Major impacts
on aquatic
ecosystems
Eradication may be possible
using chemical and manual
control
Schooler et al.
(2009), Hill and
Coetzee (2017)
Species not yet recorded in SA but invaders elsewhere
Alternanthera philoxeroides
(Mart.) Griseb.
(Amaranthaceae);
Alligatorweed
Rooted
emergent
Not yet introduced into South Africa None (not
present)
Regulated as a prohibited species,
i.e. may not be imported
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Limnobium laevigatum
(Humb.
& Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine
(Hydrocharitaceae); Amazon Frogbit
Free-floating
Not yet introduced into South Africa None (not
present)
Regulated as a prohibited species,
i.e. may not be imported
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Stratiotes aloides
L. (Hydrocharitaceae);
Water Soldier
Rooted
emergent
Not yet introduced into South Africa None (not
present)
Regulated as a prohibited species,
i.e. may not be imported
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Impact categories follow van Wilgen and Wilson (2018)
4 Invasive Alien Aquatic Plants in South African Freshwater Ecosystems
101
W.T. Aiton (Brassicaceae);
Watercress
Rooted
emergent
Invasive
Occurs throughout South Africa
Long established
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Chemical and mechanical control Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Hydrocleys nymphoides
(Humb. & Bonpl. ex
Willd.) Buchenau
(Alismataceae); Water
Poppy
Rooted
floating
Introduced but not naturalised
Recorded from two sites in KwaZulu-Natal
Recent introduction
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Eradication may be possible
using chemical and manual
control
Nxumalo et al.
(2016), Hill and
Coetzee (2017)
Sagittaria latifolia
Willd.
(Alismataceae); Broadleaf
Arrowhead
Rooted
emergent
Recorded from one site in KwaZuluNatal
Recent introduction
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Eradication may be possible
using chemical and manual
control
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Nymphoides peltata
(S.G. Gmel.) Kuntze
(Menyanthaceae); Floating
Heart
Rooted
floating
Introduced but not naturalised
Recorded from one site in Gauteng
Recent introduction
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Eradication may be possible
using chemical and manual
control
Hill and Coetzee
(2017), Cheek
(2018)
Cabomba caroliniana
A.Gray
(Cabombaceae); Fanwort
Submerged
Introduced but not naturalised
Recorded from two sites in KwaZulu-Natal
Major impacts
on aquatic
ecosystems
Eradication may be possible
using chemical and manual
control
Schooler et al.
(2009), Hill and
Coetzee (2017)
Species not yet recorded in SA but invaders elsewhere
Alternanthera philoxeroides
(Mart.) Griseb.
(Amaranthaceae);
Alligatorweed
Rooted
emergent
Not yet introduced into South Africa None (not
present)
Regulated as a prohibited species,
i.e. may not be imported
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Limnobium laevigatum
(Humb.
& Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine
(Hydrocharitaceae); Amazon Frogbit
Free-floating
Not yet introduced into South Africa None (not
present)
Regulated as a prohibited species,
i.e. may not be imported
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Stratiotes aloides
L. (Hydrocharitaceae);
Water Soldier
Rooted
emergent
Not yet introduced into South Africa None (not
present)
Regulated as a prohibited species,
i.e. may not be imported
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Impact categories follow van Wilgen and Wilson (2018)
4 Invasive Alien Aquatic Plants in South African Freshwater Ecosystems
101