Table 4.1
(continued)
Species and common name
Growth form Status and distribution
Impact
Control options
Key references
Pontederia cordata
L. (Pontederiaceae);
Pickerelweed
Rooted
emergent
Invasive
Widely distributed in Gauteng,
KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape
and Western Cape
Long established
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Chemical and mechanical control Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Sagittaria platyphylla
(Engelm.) J.G. Sm
(Alismataceae); Delta
Arrowhead
Rooted
emergent
Invasive
Distribution increasing in KwaZuluNata, Eastern Cape and
Western Cape.
Relatively recent establishment
Substantial
impacts on
aquatic
ecosystems
Chemical and mechanical control, biological control under
investigation
Hill and Coetzee
(2017), Martin
et al. (2018)
Iris pseudacorus
L. (Iridaceae);
Yellow Flag
Rooted
emergent
Invasive
Distribution increasing throughout
South Africa
Relatively recent establishment
Substantial
impacts on
aquatic
ecosystems
Chemical and mechanical control, biological control under
investigation
Jaca and Mkhize
(2015), Hill and
Coetzee (2017)
Salvinia minima
Baker
(Salviniaceae); Common
Salvinia
Free-floating
Invasive
Distribution restricted to North West
Recent establishment
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Biological control under
investigation
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Azolla cristata
Kaulf.
(Azollaceae); Mexican
Azolla
Free-floating
Invasive
Distribution in subtropical regions of
Limpopo, Mpumalanga and
KwaZulu-Natal
Recent establishment
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Under complete biological
control
Madeira et al. (2016),
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Nymphaea mexicana
Zucc.
(Nymphaeceae); Mexican
Water Lily)
Rooted
floating
Invasive
Distribution restricted to Gauteng,
KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape
and Western Cape.
Relatively recent establishment
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Chemical and mechanical control, biological control under
investigation
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
Emerging invaders—potential targets for biological control
Lythrum salicaria
L. (Lythraceae); Purple
Loosestrife
Rooted
emergent
Naturalised but not invasive
Recorded from one site in the Western Cape
Relatively recent introduction
Impacts not yet
evaluated
Eradication may be possible
using chemical and manual
control
Hill and Coetzee
(2017)
100
M. P. Hill et al.