Richardson DM (1998) Forestry trees as invasive aliens. Conserv Biol 12:18–26. https://doi.org/10.
1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96392.x
Richardson DM, Brown PJ (1986) Invasion of Mesic mountain fynbos by Pinus radiata. S Afr J
Bot 52:529–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31486-7
Richardson DM, Cowling RM (1992) Why is mountain fynbos invasible and which species
invade? In: van Wilgen BW, Richardson DM, Kruger FJ et al (eds) Fire in South African
mountain fynbos. Springer, Berlin, pp 161–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76174-4_9
Richardson DM, Higgins SI (1998) Pines as invaders in the southern hemisphere. In: Richardson
DM (ed) Ecology and biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp
450–473
Richardson DM, Kluge RL (2008) Seed banks of invasive Australian Acacia species in
South Africa: role in invasiveness and options for management. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst
10:161–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2008.03.001
Richardson DM, Pyšek P (2012) Naturalization of introduced plants: ecological drivers of
biogeographic patterns. New Phytol 196:383–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.
04292.x
Richardson DM, Rejmánek M (2011) Trees and shrubs as invasive alien species – a global review.
Divers Distrib 17:788–809. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00782.x
Richardson DM, Thuiller W (2007) Home away from home – objective mapping of high-risk
source areas for plant introductions. Divers Distrib 13:299–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14724642.2007.00337.x
Richardson DM, van Wilgen BW (2004) Invasive alien plants in South Africa: how well do we
understand the ecological impacts? S Afr J Sci 100:45–52
Richardson DM, Pyšek P, Carlton JT (2011a) A compendium of essential concepts and terminology
in invasion ecology. In: Richardson DM (ed) Fifty years of invasion ecology. The legacy of
Charles Elton. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444329988.
ch30
Richardson DM, Wilson JRU, Weyl OLF et al (2011b) South Africa: invasions. In: Simberloff D,
Rejmánek M (eds) Encyclopedia of biological invasions. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 643–651
Richardson DM, Williams PA, Hobbs RJ (1994) Pine invasions in the Southern Hemisphere:
determinants of spread and invadability. J Biogeogr 21:511–527. https://doi.org/10.2307/
2845655
Richardson DM, Macdonald IAW, Hoffmann JH et al (1997) Alien plant invasions. In: Cowling
RM, Richardson DM, Pierce SM (eds) Vegetation of Southern Africa. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, pp 535–570
Richardson DM, Bond WJ, Dean WRJ et al (2000) Invasive alien organisms and global change: a
South African perspective. In: Mooney HA, Hobbs RJ (eds) Invasive species in a changing
world. Island Press, Washington DC, pp 303–349
Richardson DM, Cambray JA, Chapman RA et al (2003) Vectors and pathways of biological
invasions in South Africa - past, present and future. In: Ruiz G, Carlton J (eds) Invasive species:
vectors and management strategies. Island Press, Washington DC, pp 292–349
Richardson DM, Rouget RM, Henderson L, Nel JL (2004) Invasive alien plants in South Africa:
macroecological patterns, with special emphasis on the Cape Floristic Region. In:
Arianoutsou M, Papanastasis V (eds) Proceedings of 10th MEDECOS conference, April 25–
May 1, Rhodes, Greece. Millpress, Rotterdam
Richardson DM, Rouget M, Ralston SJ et al (2005) Species richness of alien plants in South Africa:
environmental correlates and the relationship with indigenous plant species richness.
Ecoscience 12:391–402. https://doi.org/10.2980/i1195-6860-12-3-391.1
Richardson DM, Hui C, Nunez M et al (2014) Tree invasions: patterns, processes, challenges and
opportunities. Biol Invasions 16:473–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0606-9
Richardson DM, Le Roux JJ, Wilson JRU (2015) Australian acacias as invasive species: lessons to
be learnt from regions with long planting histories. South For 77:31–39. https://doi.org/10.2989/
20702620.2014.999305
94
D. M. Richardson et al.
1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96392.x
Richardson DM, Brown PJ (1986) Invasion of Mesic mountain fynbos by Pinus radiata. S Afr J
Bot 52:529–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31486-7
Richardson DM, Cowling RM (1992) Why is mountain fynbos invasible and which species
invade? In: van Wilgen BW, Richardson DM, Kruger FJ et al (eds) Fire in South African
mountain fynbos. Springer, Berlin, pp 161–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76174-4_9
Richardson DM, Higgins SI (1998) Pines as invaders in the southern hemisphere. In: Richardson
DM (ed) Ecology and biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp
450–473
Richardson DM, Kluge RL (2008) Seed banks of invasive Australian Acacia species in
South Africa: role in invasiveness and options for management. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst
10:161–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2008.03.001
Richardson DM, Pyšek P (2012) Naturalization of introduced plants: ecological drivers of
biogeographic patterns. New Phytol 196:383–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.
04292.x
Richardson DM, Rejmánek M (2011) Trees and shrubs as invasive alien species – a global review.
Divers Distrib 17:788–809. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00782.x
Richardson DM, Thuiller W (2007) Home away from home – objective mapping of high-risk
source areas for plant introductions. Divers Distrib 13:299–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14724642.2007.00337.x
Richardson DM, van Wilgen BW (2004) Invasive alien plants in South Africa: how well do we
understand the ecological impacts? S Afr J Sci 100:45–52
Richardson DM, Pyšek P, Carlton JT (2011a) A compendium of essential concepts and terminology
in invasion ecology. In: Richardson DM (ed) Fifty years of invasion ecology. The legacy of
Charles Elton. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444329988.
ch30
Richardson DM, Wilson JRU, Weyl OLF et al (2011b) South Africa: invasions. In: Simberloff D,
Rejmánek M (eds) Encyclopedia of biological invasions. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 643–651
Richardson DM, Williams PA, Hobbs RJ (1994) Pine invasions in the Southern Hemisphere:
determinants of spread and invadability. J Biogeogr 21:511–527. https://doi.org/10.2307/
2845655
Richardson DM, Macdonald IAW, Hoffmann JH et al (1997) Alien plant invasions. In: Cowling
RM, Richardson DM, Pierce SM (eds) Vegetation of Southern Africa. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, pp 535–570
Richardson DM, Bond WJ, Dean WRJ et al (2000) Invasive alien organisms and global change: a
South African perspective. In: Mooney HA, Hobbs RJ (eds) Invasive species in a changing
world. Island Press, Washington DC, pp 303–349
Richardson DM, Cambray JA, Chapman RA et al (2003) Vectors and pathways of biological
invasions in South Africa - past, present and future. In: Ruiz G, Carlton J (eds) Invasive species:
vectors and management strategies. Island Press, Washington DC, pp 292–349
Richardson DM, Rouget RM, Henderson L, Nel JL (2004) Invasive alien plants in South Africa:
macroecological patterns, with special emphasis on the Cape Floristic Region. In:
Arianoutsou M, Papanastasis V (eds) Proceedings of 10th MEDECOS conference, April 25–
May 1, Rhodes, Greece. Millpress, Rotterdam
Richardson DM, Rouget M, Ralston SJ et al (2005) Species richness of alien plants in South Africa:
environmental correlates and the relationship with indigenous plant species richness.
Ecoscience 12:391–402. https://doi.org/10.2980/i1195-6860-12-3-391.1
Richardson DM, Hui C, Nunez M et al (2014) Tree invasions: patterns, processes, challenges and
opportunities. Biol Invasions 16:473–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0606-9
Richardson DM, Le Roux JJ, Wilson JRU (2015) Australian acacias as invasive species: lessons to
be learnt from regions with long planting histories. South For 77:31–39. https://doi.org/10.2989/
20702620.2014.999305
94
D. M. Richardson et al.