Since 2001, more than 1000 new compounds have been isolated from marinederived fungi from China including fungi from seawater, sediment, marine animals,
and marine plants, such as algae and mangrove plants. Advances in the study of
secondary metabolites from mangrove-derived fungi from the South China Sea that
were published between 2008 and mid-2013 have been reviewed [12]. Bioactive
compounds from marine-derived bacteria and fungi by China-based research groups
starting from 2009 have likewise been reviewed [13]. In this contribution, the
authors focus exclusively on new compounds reported from marine-derived fungi
that are associated with organisms, such as algae, sponges, corals, and other marine
animals from Chinese waters, but we have excluded deliberately fungi from sediment, seawater, mangrove plants, or taxonomically unidentified sources in order to
avoid overlap with other reviews from recent years. The host organisms from which
fungi were isolated and their geographical origin, the media used for cultivation, and
the bioactivities of the isolated compounds (whenever reported) are given herein.
This contribution includes 613 marine fungal metabolites and 176 references from
2001 to 2017. The various compounds are classified into eight sections and various
subsections according to their structural classes.
2 Polyketides
2.1 Macrolides
The fungal strain Cochliobolus lunatus M351 was isolated from inner parts of the
gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea, which was collected from the Weizhou coral reef
in the South China Sea. Cultivation of this fungus in liquid glucose yeast peptone
(GPY) medium yielded three 14-membered resorcylic acid lactones, cochliomycins
AÀC (1–3). Cochliomycin A (1) (Fig. 1) showed significant antifouling activity
against larval settlement of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite with an EC 50 value of
3 μM and a pronounced difference between inhibition of larval settlement and
toxicity (LC 50 /EC 50 > 16.7), suggesting that the compound might be useful as a
environmentally benign antifouling agent. Cochliomycin A (1) also exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone of
11 mm at a concentration of 50 μg/cm
3 in an agar plate diffusion assay [14]. Three
further resorcylic acid lactones, cochliomycins DÀF (4–6), were isolated from solid
rice medium fermentation of Cochliobolus lunatus TA26–46, which was obtained
from inner parts of the sea anemone Palythoa haddoni, collected from the Weizhou
coral reef in the South China Sea. Cochliomycins D and F (4 and 6) exhibited potent
antifouling activity against larval settlement of B. amphitrite with EC 50 values of
48 and 18 μM [15]. Furthermore, epigenetic manipulation was applied by cultivating
the fungal strain in starch medium with the addition of histone deacetylase inhibitors
(sodium butyrate or suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid), resulting in the production of
two additional resorcylic acid lactone derivatives with bromine substitution, namely,
5-bromozeaenol (7) and 3,5-dibromozeaenol (8) [16]. Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea
Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China
83
and marine plants, such as algae and mangrove plants. Advances in the study of
secondary metabolites from mangrove-derived fungi from the South China Sea that
were published between 2008 and mid-2013 have been reviewed [12]. Bioactive
compounds from marine-derived bacteria and fungi by China-based research groups
starting from 2009 have likewise been reviewed [13]. In this contribution, the
authors focus exclusively on new compounds reported from marine-derived fungi
that are associated with organisms, such as algae, sponges, corals, and other marine
animals from Chinese waters, but we have excluded deliberately fungi from sediment, seawater, mangrove plants, or taxonomically unidentified sources in order to
avoid overlap with other reviews from recent years. The host organisms from which
fungi were isolated and their geographical origin, the media used for cultivation, and
the bioactivities of the isolated compounds (whenever reported) are given herein.
This contribution includes 613 marine fungal metabolites and 176 references from
2001 to 2017. The various compounds are classified into eight sections and various
subsections according to their structural classes.
2 Polyketides
2.1 Macrolides
The fungal strain Cochliobolus lunatus M351 was isolated from inner parts of the
gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea, which was collected from the Weizhou coral reef
in the South China Sea. Cultivation of this fungus in liquid glucose yeast peptone
(GPY) medium yielded three 14-membered resorcylic acid lactones, cochliomycins
AÀC (1–3). Cochliomycin A (1) (Fig. 1) showed significant antifouling activity
against larval settlement of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite with an EC 50 value of
3 μM and a pronounced difference between inhibition of larval settlement and
toxicity (LC 50 /EC 50 > 16.7), suggesting that the compound might be useful as a
environmentally benign antifouling agent. Cochliomycin A (1) also exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone of
11 mm at a concentration of 50 μg/cm
3 in an agar plate diffusion assay [14]. Three
further resorcylic acid lactones, cochliomycins DÀF (4–6), were isolated from solid
rice medium fermentation of Cochliobolus lunatus TA26–46, which was obtained
from inner parts of the sea anemone Palythoa haddoni, collected from the Weizhou
coral reef in the South China Sea. Cochliomycins D and F (4 and 6) exhibited potent
antifouling activity against larval settlement of B. amphitrite with EC 50 values of
48 and 18 μM [15]. Furthermore, epigenetic manipulation was applied by cultivating
the fungal strain in starch medium with the addition of histone deacetylase inhibitors
(sodium butyrate or suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid), resulting in the production of
two additional resorcylic acid lactone derivatives with bromine substitution, namely,
5-bromozeaenol (7) and 3,5-dibromozeaenol (8) [16]. Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea
Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China
83