16, and 32 μg/cm
3 [149]. The fungal strain Aspergillus flavus MXH-X104 was
obtained from the sponge Agelas aff. nemoechinata collected at the Xisha Islands.
The seawater-containing liquid medium cultivation of this fungus yielded three
oxygenated cyclopiazonic acid alkaloids, speradines BÀD (486–488) [150]. Another
strain of Aspergillus flavus coded c-f-3 was obtained from the green alga
Enteromorpha tubulosa collected at Putian Pingha. Fermentation in liquid GYM
medium gave iso-α-cyclopiazonic acid (489) [151]. From the soft coral Lobophytum
crassum collected at the Hainan Sanya National Coral Reef Reserve, two fungal
strains, Pseudallescheria boydii F19-1 and P. ellipsoidea F42À3, were obtained.
P. boydii gave the cyclopiazonic acid analogue, pseuboydone E (490), when cultivated in liquid GSY medium [61], while P. ellipsoidea when grown in liquid GPY
medium yielded pseudellone C (491), which possesses a unique skeleton with a
2,2-di(3-indolyl)-1-propone fragment attached to a tryptophan derivative via an
amide bond [135].
A novel carbamate- and cyano-containing alkaloid, aspeverin (492), was isolated
from the liquid PDB medium fermentation of Aspergillus versicolor dl-29, as
N
H
R
O
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
484 R = Cl (19-hydroxypenitrem A)
485 R = H (19-hydroxypenitrem E)
H
O
O
OH
N
N
O
O
OH
HO
486 (speradine B)
O
O
N
N
O
O
O
HO
OH
487 (speradine C)
OH
N
O
O
O
N
O
488 (speradine D)
N
N
O
O
OH
NH
O
NH 2
493 (asperginine)
N
N
O
NH
O
CN
492 (aspeverin)
HN
N
O
OH
O
489 (iso--cyclopiazonic acid)
HN
N
O
O
O
490 (pseuboydone E)
NH
O
N
H
O
O
NH
HN
491 (pseudellone C)
NH
N
H
O
O
O
O
OR
494 R = Me (varioloid A)
495 R = H (varioloid B)
N
H
HN
O
OH
HO
O
496 (communol B)
NH
Fig. 28 Structures of indole alkaloids (part 2)
126
Z. Liu et al.
3 [149]. The fungal strain Aspergillus flavus MXH-X104 was
obtained from the sponge Agelas aff. nemoechinata collected at the Xisha Islands.
The seawater-containing liquid medium cultivation of this fungus yielded three
oxygenated cyclopiazonic acid alkaloids, speradines BÀD (486–488) [150]. Another
strain of Aspergillus flavus coded c-f-3 was obtained from the green alga
Enteromorpha tubulosa collected at Putian Pingha. Fermentation in liquid GYM
medium gave iso-α-cyclopiazonic acid (489) [151]. From the soft coral Lobophytum
crassum collected at the Hainan Sanya National Coral Reef Reserve, two fungal
strains, Pseudallescheria boydii F19-1 and P. ellipsoidea F42À3, were obtained.
P. boydii gave the cyclopiazonic acid analogue, pseuboydone E (490), when cultivated in liquid GSY medium [61], while P. ellipsoidea when grown in liquid GPY
medium yielded pseudellone C (491), which possesses a unique skeleton with a
2,2-di(3-indolyl)-1-propone fragment attached to a tryptophan derivative via an
amide bond [135].
A novel carbamate- and cyano-containing alkaloid, aspeverin (492), was isolated
from the liquid PDB medium fermentation of Aspergillus versicolor dl-29, as
N
H
R
O
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
484 R = Cl (19-hydroxypenitrem A)
485 R = H (19-hydroxypenitrem E)
H
O
O
OH
N
N
O
O
OH
HO
486 (speradine B)
O
O
N
N
O
O
O
HO
OH
487 (speradine C)
OH
N
O
O
O
N
O
488 (speradine D)
N
N
O
O
OH
NH
O
NH 2
493 (asperginine)
N
N
O
NH
O
CN
492 (aspeverin)
HN
N
O
OH
O
489 (iso--cyclopiazonic acid)
HN
N
O
O
O
490 (pseuboydone E)
NH
O
N
H
O
O
NH
HN
491 (pseudellone C)
NH
N
H
O
O
O
O
OR
494 R = Me (varioloid A)
495 R = H (varioloid B)
N
H
HN
O
OH
HO
O
496 (communol B)
NH
Fig. 28 Structures of indole alkaloids (part 2)
126
Z. Liu et al.