Sanya National Coral Reef Reserve gave dichocerazines A and B (428 and 429),
when the fungus was fermented in L-tryptophan- and L-phenylalanine-enriched
liquid medium [52]. Fermentation of Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea F42À3 in liquid
GPY medium, as isolated from the inner tissue of the soft coral Lobophytum crassum
collected from the Sanya National Coral Reef Reserve, yielded pseudellones A, B,
and D (430–432) containing unusual monosulfide bridges [17, 135].
The fungus Pseudallescheria boydii was isolated from the soft coral Lobophytum
crassum collected from the Sanya National Coral Reef Reserve. Fermentation of
P. boydii in liquid GSY medium afforded pseuboydones C and D (433 and 434).
Pseuboydone C (433) showed significant cytotoxicity against the insect-derived cell
line Sf9 with an IC 50 value of 0.7 μM [100]. Cyclo-(2-hydroxy-Pro-Gly) (435) was
obtained from liquid medium fermentation of the fungus Simplicillium sp. YZ-11, as
isolated from the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perleve collected from Dalian in
Liaoning Province [58]. The fungus Neosartorya pseudofischeri was isolated from
the inner tissue of the starfish Acanthaster planci collected from Sanya National
Coral Reef Reserve. Liquid GPY medium fermentation of this fungus gave
neosartins A and B (436 and 437) in addition to five additional diketopiperazines
(438–442) that were not previously known as natural products. Compound 439
exhibited cytotoxicity against the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 with an
IC 50 value of 10.3 μM. Compound 440 displayed antibacterial activity against
Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 1.5 μM and showed cytotoxicity
against the HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cell line and the human HCT-116
and RKO colon cancer cell lines, with IC 50 values of 1.3, 0.4, and 0.4 μM, respectively (Fig. 24) [136].
6.2 Peptides
A strain of Aspergillus sp. was isolated from the gorgonian Melitodes squamata
collected from Sanya in the South China Sea. Seven peptides were obtained from the
sea salt-containing fermentation broth of this fungus, including three cyclic
tetrapeptides, aspergillipeptides AÀC (443–445) (Fig. 25), a cyclic pentapeptide,
aspergillipeptide D (446), and three linear tetrapeptides, aspergillipeptides EÀG
(447–449). Aspergillipeptides D and E (446 and 447) showed antiviral activity
against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) with IC 50 values of 9.5 and 19.8 μM,
respectively. Aspergillipeptide D (446) also exhibited activity against two acyclovirresistant clinical isolates with an IC 50 value of 12.5 μM in each case [27, 137].
A further strain of Aspergillus sp. was isolated from the inner tissue of the
gorgonian Muricella abnormalis that was collected from the Xisha Islands coral
reef in the South China Sea. From potato glucose liquid medium fermentation of this
fungus, the cyclic pentapeptide asperpeptide A (450) and two lumazine peptides
penilumamides C and D (451 and 452) were isolated. Feeding of L-methionine
during fermentation additionally yielded penilumamide B (453). Asperpeptide A
(450) showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus
Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China
121
when the fungus was fermented in L-tryptophan- and L-phenylalanine-enriched
liquid medium [52]. Fermentation of Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea F42À3 in liquid
GPY medium, as isolated from the inner tissue of the soft coral Lobophytum crassum
collected from the Sanya National Coral Reef Reserve, yielded pseudellones A, B,
and D (430–432) containing unusual monosulfide bridges [17, 135].
The fungus Pseudallescheria boydii was isolated from the soft coral Lobophytum
crassum collected from the Sanya National Coral Reef Reserve. Fermentation of
P. boydii in liquid GSY medium afforded pseuboydones C and D (433 and 434).
Pseuboydone C (433) showed significant cytotoxicity against the insect-derived cell
line Sf9 with an IC 50 value of 0.7 μM [100]. Cyclo-(2-hydroxy-Pro-Gly) (435) was
obtained from liquid medium fermentation of the fungus Simplicillium sp. YZ-11, as
isolated from the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perleve collected from Dalian in
Liaoning Province [58]. The fungus Neosartorya pseudofischeri was isolated from
the inner tissue of the starfish Acanthaster planci collected from Sanya National
Coral Reef Reserve. Liquid GPY medium fermentation of this fungus gave
neosartins A and B (436 and 437) in addition to five additional diketopiperazines
(438–442) that were not previously known as natural products. Compound 439
exhibited cytotoxicity against the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 with an
IC 50 value of 10.3 μM. Compound 440 displayed antibacterial activity against
Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 1.5 μM and showed cytotoxicity
against the HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cell line and the human HCT-116
and RKO colon cancer cell lines, with IC 50 values of 1.3, 0.4, and 0.4 μM, respectively (Fig. 24) [136].
6.2 Peptides
A strain of Aspergillus sp. was isolated from the gorgonian Melitodes squamata
collected from Sanya in the South China Sea. Seven peptides were obtained from the
sea salt-containing fermentation broth of this fungus, including three cyclic
tetrapeptides, aspergillipeptides AÀC (443–445) (Fig. 25), a cyclic pentapeptide,
aspergillipeptide D (446), and three linear tetrapeptides, aspergillipeptides EÀG
(447–449). Aspergillipeptides D and E (446 and 447) showed antiviral activity
against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) with IC 50 values of 9.5 and 19.8 μM,
respectively. Aspergillipeptide D (446) also exhibited activity against two acyclovirresistant clinical isolates with an IC 50 value of 12.5 μM in each case [27, 137].
A further strain of Aspergillus sp. was isolated from the inner tissue of the
gorgonian Muricella abnormalis that was collected from the Xisha Islands coral
reef in the South China Sea. From potato glucose liquid medium fermentation of this
fungus, the cyclic pentapeptide asperpeptide A (450) and two lumazine peptides
penilumamides C and D (451 and 452) were isolated. Feeding of L-methionine
during fermentation additionally yielded penilumamide B (453). Asperpeptide A
(450) showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus
Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China
121