16. Lawrence T (2009) The nuclear factor NF-kappa B pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring
Harb Perspect Biol 1:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a001651
17. Huang B, Yang X-D, Lamb A, Chen L-F (2010) Posttranslational modifications of
NF-kappaB: another layer of regulation for NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Cell Signal
22:1282–1290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.03.017
18. Reed SM, Quelle DE (2014) P53 acetylation: regulation and consequences. Cancers (Basel)
7:30–69. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers7010030
19. Glauben R, Siegmund B (2011) Inhibition of histone deacetylases in inflammatory bowel
diseases. Mol Med 17:1. https://doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2011.00069
20. Mottamal M, Zheng S, Huang TL, Wang G (2015) Histone deacetylase inhibitors in clinical
studies as templates for new anticancer agents. Molecules 20:3898–3941. https://doi.org/10.
3390/molecules20033898
21. Bolden JE, Shi W, Jankowski K, Kan CY, Cluse L, Martin BP, MacKenzie KL, Smyth GK,
Johnstone RW (2013) HDAC inhibitors induce tumor-cell-selective pro-apoptotic transcriptional responses. Cell Death Dis 4:e-519. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2013.9
22. Coussens LM, Werb Z (2002) Inflammation and cancer. Nature 420:860–867. https://doi.org/
10.1038/nature01322
23. Shakespear MR, Halili MA, Irvine KM, Fairlie DP, Sweet MJ (2011) Histone deacetylases as
regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol 32:335–343. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.it.2011.04.001
24. Dinarello CA, Fossati G, Mascagni P (2011) Histone deacetylase inhibitors for treating a
spectrum of diseases not related to cancer. Mol Med 17:333–352. https://doi.org/10.2119/
molmed.2011.00116
25. Cantley MD, Haynes DR (2013) Epigenetic regulation of inflammation: progressing from
broad acting histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to targeting specific HDACs.
Inflammopharmacology 21:301–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-012-0166-0
26. Leus NGJ, Zwinderman MRH, Dekker FJ (2016) Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC 3) as
emerging drug target in NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 33:160–168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.019
27. Fischle W, Dequiedt F, Hendzel MJ, Guenther MG, Lazar MA, Voelter W, Verdin E,
Francisco S, Tg A (2002) Enzymatic activity associated with class II HDACs is dependent
on a multiprotein complex containing HDAC3 and SMRT/N-CoR. Mol Cell 9:45–57
28. Lahm A, Paolini C, Pallaoro M, Nardi MC, Jones P, Neddermann P, Sambucini S, Bottomley
MJ, Lo Surdo P, Carfi A, Koch U, De Francesco R, Steinkuhler C, Gallinari P (2007)
Unraveling the hidden catalytic activity of vertebrate class IIa histone deacetylases. Proc
Natl Acad Sci 104:17335–17340. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706487104
29. Buist AS (2003) Similarities and differences between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: treatment and early outcomes. Eur Respir J 21:30S–35s. https://doi.org/10.1183/
09031936.03.00404903
30. Lõpez-Campos JL, Tan W, Soriano JB (2016) Global burden of COPD. Respirology
21:14–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.12660
31. Croisant S (2014) Epidemiology of asthma: prevalence and burden of disease. Adv Exp Med
Biol 795:17–29
32. Barnes PJ (2013) Corticosteroid resistance in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131:636–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.
12.1564
33. Barnes PJ, Ito K, Adcock IM (2004) Corticosteroid resistance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: inactivation of histone deacetylase. Lancet 363:731–733. https://doi.org/10.
1016/S0140-6736(04)15650-X
34. Ito K, Ito M, Elliott WM, Cosio B, Caramori G, Kon OM, Barczyk A, Hayashi S, Adcock IM,
Hogg JC, Barnes PJ (2005) Decreased histone deacetylase activity in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 352:1967–1976. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041892
Acetylation and Methylation in Asthma, COPD, and Lung Cancer
447
Harb Perspect Biol 1:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a001651
17. Huang B, Yang X-D, Lamb A, Chen L-F (2010) Posttranslational modifications of
NF-kappaB: another layer of regulation for NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Cell Signal
22:1282–1290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.03.017
18. Reed SM, Quelle DE (2014) P53 acetylation: regulation and consequences. Cancers (Basel)
7:30–69. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers7010030
19. Glauben R, Siegmund B (2011) Inhibition of histone deacetylases in inflammatory bowel
diseases. Mol Med 17:1. https://doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2011.00069
20. Mottamal M, Zheng S, Huang TL, Wang G (2015) Histone deacetylase inhibitors in clinical
studies as templates for new anticancer agents. Molecules 20:3898–3941. https://doi.org/10.
3390/molecules20033898
21. Bolden JE, Shi W, Jankowski K, Kan CY, Cluse L, Martin BP, MacKenzie KL, Smyth GK,
Johnstone RW (2013) HDAC inhibitors induce tumor-cell-selective pro-apoptotic transcriptional responses. Cell Death Dis 4:e-519. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2013.9
22. Coussens LM, Werb Z (2002) Inflammation and cancer. Nature 420:860–867. https://doi.org/
10.1038/nature01322
23. Shakespear MR, Halili MA, Irvine KM, Fairlie DP, Sweet MJ (2011) Histone deacetylases as
regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol 32:335–343. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.it.2011.04.001
24. Dinarello CA, Fossati G, Mascagni P (2011) Histone deacetylase inhibitors for treating a
spectrum of diseases not related to cancer. Mol Med 17:333–352. https://doi.org/10.2119/
molmed.2011.00116
25. Cantley MD, Haynes DR (2013) Epigenetic regulation of inflammation: progressing from
broad acting histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to targeting specific HDACs.
Inflammopharmacology 21:301–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-012-0166-0
26. Leus NGJ, Zwinderman MRH, Dekker FJ (2016) Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC 3) as
emerging drug target in NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 33:160–168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.019
27. Fischle W, Dequiedt F, Hendzel MJ, Guenther MG, Lazar MA, Voelter W, Verdin E,
Francisco S, Tg A (2002) Enzymatic activity associated with class II HDACs is dependent
on a multiprotein complex containing HDAC3 and SMRT/N-CoR. Mol Cell 9:45–57
28. Lahm A, Paolini C, Pallaoro M, Nardi MC, Jones P, Neddermann P, Sambucini S, Bottomley
MJ, Lo Surdo P, Carfi A, Koch U, De Francesco R, Steinkuhler C, Gallinari P (2007)
Unraveling the hidden catalytic activity of vertebrate class IIa histone deacetylases. Proc
Natl Acad Sci 104:17335–17340. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706487104
29. Buist AS (2003) Similarities and differences between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: treatment and early outcomes. Eur Respir J 21:30S–35s. https://doi.org/10.1183/
09031936.03.00404903
30. Lõpez-Campos JL, Tan W, Soriano JB (2016) Global burden of COPD. Respirology
21:14–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.12660
31. Croisant S (2014) Epidemiology of asthma: prevalence and burden of disease. Adv Exp Med
Biol 795:17–29
32. Barnes PJ (2013) Corticosteroid resistance in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131:636–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.
12.1564
33. Barnes PJ, Ito K, Adcock IM (2004) Corticosteroid resistance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: inactivation of histone deacetylase. Lancet 363:731–733. https://doi.org/10.
1016/S0140-6736(04)15650-X
34. Ito K, Ito M, Elliott WM, Cosio B, Caramori G, Kon OM, Barczyk A, Hayashi S, Adcock IM,
Hogg JC, Barnes PJ (2005) Decreased histone deacetylase activity in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 352:1967–1976. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041892
Acetylation and Methylation in Asthma, COPD, and Lung Cancer
447