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Benefit–Cost Analysis A method with defined procedures of calculating the benefits of a particular action as well as the associated costs, which end up subtracting the costs from benefits to see if an action is desirable or undesirable from a
strictly economic viewpoint.
Benefits Transfer The use of economic information from one setting in another
setting. An example is taking an estimated value of a fish in Oregon and using it
in evaluating a California project.
Benefits (Human Welfare) Positive outcomes in well-being from the fulfillment
of needs and wants.
BioCro A model for perennial biomass feedstocks, including Miscanthus, switchgrass, and willow, which captures vegetation response to atmospheric and climate change.
Biodiversity The diversity of biological life in a particular ecosystem, region,
component of the earth (e.g., terrestrial or marine), or the earth as a whole. See
Ecosystem Diversity.
Biofuels Fuels created through biochemical processes such as fermentation and
distillation, most commonly from plant matter but sometimes from other wastes.
Examples include biodiesel and bioethanol.
Biogeophysical The biological and physical components, processes, and interactions that occur in a defined location, area, or generally. See Biophysical and
Geophysical.
Biophysical The components and interactions between biotic (living) and abiotic
(non-living) things, such as species and ecosystems and their interactions with
non-living physical processes.
Biosphere The parts of the earth system composed of living organisms. This
includes parts of the land, oceans, and atmosphere and is sometimes referred to
as the sum of all ecosystems on the earth.
Biota Biological life, usually refers to just plants and animal life, but also includes
fungi, archaea, and bacteria.
Black Swan Event An extremely consequential and unique one-of-a-kind event;
this kind of event cannot be predicted with sufficient accuracy.
Boomerang Effect Observed when the promotion of a particular behavioral or attitudinal change has an effect opposite of what was intended. See Rebound Effect.
Bottom-Up Approaches, methods, and models that involve building up from
small units. Bottom-up models are constructed from their subparts. Bottom-up
methodologies involve direct measurement at the process scale, and subsequent
aggregation and gap filling from many process observations to estimate “mass
balance” at larger scales. See Top-Down.
Boundaries (System) The limits in space and time a system which defines the
parts, external factors and which interactions must be considered.
Buffering A design strategy that provides reliability, robustness, and/or resilience
by storing enough of a commodity to sustain operations during disruptions;
Inventory is buffering.
Bushel An imperial unit of volume used primarily for food production. It is equivalent to 35.2391 L.
Glossary
Benefit–Cost Analysis A method with defined procedures of calculating the benefits of a particular action as well as the associated costs, which end up subtracting the costs from benefits to see if an action is desirable or undesirable from a
strictly economic viewpoint.
Benefits Transfer The use of economic information from one setting in another
setting. An example is taking an estimated value of a fish in Oregon and using it
in evaluating a California project.
Benefits (Human Welfare) Positive outcomes in well-being from the fulfillment
of needs and wants.
BioCro A model for perennial biomass feedstocks, including Miscanthus, switchgrass, and willow, which captures vegetation response to atmospheric and climate change.
Biodiversity The diversity of biological life in a particular ecosystem, region,
component of the earth (e.g., terrestrial or marine), or the earth as a whole. See
Ecosystem Diversity.
Biofuels Fuels created through biochemical processes such as fermentation and
distillation, most commonly from plant matter but sometimes from other wastes.
Examples include biodiesel and bioethanol.
Biogeophysical The biological and physical components, processes, and interactions that occur in a defined location, area, or generally. See Biophysical and
Geophysical.
Biophysical The components and interactions between biotic (living) and abiotic
(non-living) things, such as species and ecosystems and their interactions with
non-living physical processes.
Biosphere The parts of the earth system composed of living organisms. This
includes parts of the land, oceans, and atmosphere and is sometimes referred to
as the sum of all ecosystems on the earth.
Biota Biological life, usually refers to just plants and animal life, but also includes
fungi, archaea, and bacteria.
Black Swan Event An extremely consequential and unique one-of-a-kind event;
this kind of event cannot be predicted with sufficient accuracy.
Boomerang Effect Observed when the promotion of a particular behavioral or attitudinal change has an effect opposite of what was intended. See Rebound Effect.
Bottom-Up Approaches, methods, and models that involve building up from
small units. Bottom-up models are constructed from their subparts. Bottom-up
methodologies involve direct measurement at the process scale, and subsequent
aggregation and gap filling from many process observations to estimate “mass
balance” at larger scales. See Top-Down.
Boundaries (System) The limits in space and time a system which defines the
parts, external factors and which interactions must be considered.
Buffering A design strategy that provides reliability, robustness, and/or resilience
by storing enough of a commodity to sustain operations during disruptions;
Inventory is buffering.
Bushel An imperial unit of volume used primarily for food production. It is equivalent to 35.2391 L.
Glossary