644
action.” (Black’s Law Dictionary online). It can be a range of tools that include
negotiation, mediation, and other tools used to address conflicts.
Anthropocene The time period where the human activity has been the dominant
influence on climate and the environment, including ecosystems, water systems,
the cryosphere and atmosphere.
Anticipatory Adaptation A strategy to increase the resiliency (vulnerability to
disruption) of a system by adapting the system in anticipation of possible disruptions. The strategy requires monitoring and foresight.
Apache Hadoop A set of open-source software utilities that facilitate using a network of many computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data
and computation.
Applied Research Research creates near-term utility and value.
Aquifer Layers of porous and permeable rock or sand below the surface of the
earth where water is stored.
Arbitration “The investigation and determination of a matter or matters of
difference between contending parties, by one or more unofficial persons,
chosen by the parties, and called “arbitrators,” or “referees.” (Black’s Law
Dictionary online). Sometimes called “private judging,” a third party neutral
or panel of neutrals hear the conflict between parties, take evidence, and
render a decision in a case.
Artificial Neural Network A class of algorithms that were designed by mimicking
the neural connections inside animal brains. They are designed to learn from data
that will later be used for predicting the outcomes in similar situations.
Assimilation A modeling technique that blends theoretical model estimates with
observations to produce an optimally accurate dataset.
Auditability of Data A requirement that the quality and provenance of data can be
verified by tracking it upstream through the data life cycle to its source.
AWS Amazon Web Services is a set of tools incorporated in Amazon’s cloud platform to provide fast, reliable and efficient computation, storage and analytics
services.
Baseload Power Plants Power plants that operate continuously to meet the minimum amount of daily electricity demand. Baseload power plants are often
nuclear or coal, though sometimes natural gas combined-cycle plants are used
for baseload.
Basic Research Research that creates new fundamental knowledge and concepts
in the short term and leads to long-term value.
Basin An area of land where precipitated water collects into a common body of
water, e.g., river or lake.
Behavioral Heterogeneity The recognition that people may be motivated differently and that their behavior may differ in systematic ways, rather than assuming
that people behave in the same way when faced with particular stimuli.
Behavioral Spillover When engaging in a target behavior is linked to another
seemingly unrelated behavior. Behavioral spillover can be positive (an increase
in the target behavior is causing an increase in another behavior) or negative (an
increase in one behavior causing a decrease in another behavior).
Glossary
action.” (Black’s Law Dictionary online). It can be a range of tools that include
negotiation, mediation, and other tools used to address conflicts.
Anthropocene The time period where the human activity has been the dominant
influence on climate and the environment, including ecosystems, water systems,
the cryosphere and atmosphere.
Anticipatory Adaptation A strategy to increase the resiliency (vulnerability to
disruption) of a system by adapting the system in anticipation of possible disruptions. The strategy requires monitoring and foresight.
Apache Hadoop A set of open-source software utilities that facilitate using a network of many computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data
and computation.
Applied Research Research creates near-term utility and value.
Aquifer Layers of porous and permeable rock or sand below the surface of the
earth where water is stored.
Arbitration “The investigation and determination of a matter or matters of
difference between contending parties, by one or more unofficial persons,
chosen by the parties, and called “arbitrators,” or “referees.” (Black’s Law
Dictionary online). Sometimes called “private judging,” a third party neutral
or panel of neutrals hear the conflict between parties, take evidence, and
render a decision in a case.
Artificial Neural Network A class of algorithms that were designed by mimicking
the neural connections inside animal brains. They are designed to learn from data
that will later be used for predicting the outcomes in similar situations.
Assimilation A modeling technique that blends theoretical model estimates with
observations to produce an optimally accurate dataset.
Auditability of Data A requirement that the quality and provenance of data can be
verified by tracking it upstream through the data life cycle to its source.
AWS Amazon Web Services is a set of tools incorporated in Amazon’s cloud platform to provide fast, reliable and efficient computation, storage and analytics
services.
Baseload Power Plants Power plants that operate continuously to meet the minimum amount of daily electricity demand. Baseload power plants are often
nuclear or coal, though sometimes natural gas combined-cycle plants are used
for baseload.
Basic Research Research that creates new fundamental knowledge and concepts
in the short term and leads to long-term value.
Basin An area of land where precipitated water collects into a common body of
water, e.g., river or lake.
Behavioral Heterogeneity The recognition that people may be motivated differently and that their behavior may differ in systematic ways, rather than assuming
that people behave in the same way when faced with particular stimuli.
Behavioral Spillover When engaging in a target behavior is linked to another
seemingly unrelated behavior. Behavioral spillover can be positive (an increase
in the target behavior is causing an increase in another behavior) or negative (an
increase in one behavior causing a decrease in another behavior).
Glossary