289
O
Oil, 82
One Belt, One Road (OBOR), 218
Organic carbon compounds, 160
Orphan Mine in Grand Canyon National Park, 86
Ozone hole, 199
Ozone shield, 199–202
Ozone—oxygen molecule, 199
P
Papilionaceae, 123
Pedosphere (soil cover), 52
Petroleum-based degradable plastics, 141
Phosphorus, 125
Photosynthesis, 38
Physical environmental systems, 21
Phytoremediation, 120
Piketty phenomenon, 205
Planetary boundaries, 53
Point of bifurcation, 49
Pole reversal, 59
Political institute system, 209
Polluted potable water, 159
Popularity, 26
Population growth and economic-social development
demographic transition, 100
density, 101
developed countries, 99
distribution of population, 100
human action, 99
infrastructural investments, 98
modification effect, 100
natural growth, 100
network structure, 98
population boom, 98
public health conditions, 100
social-economic development, 98
Positive feedbacks, 18
Post-capitalist time period, 242
Poverty, 258
Power function, 26
Precipitation, 19, 20, 36
PREM (Preliminary Reference Earth Model), 32, 33, 51
Productive soil, 1
Pyramid scheme, 257
Q
Quadruple bottom line (QBL), 233
R
Random networks, 25
Rare earth element (REE), 92
Real networks, 243
Receiving institutes, 209
Religion systems, 14
Renewable groundwater stress (RGS), 154
Renewable resources, 261
Renewing education, 234
Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), 191
Richter’s scale, 69
Robotisation, 265
S
Scale-free topology, 26
Science of sustainability, 227
Self-learning algorithms, 238
Self-purification capacity, 198
Self-responsibility, 256
Settlement and ecological networks
black box model, 101, 102
coastal plants, 104
crossing of, 105
electric energy, 101
formation and structure, 103
gases, 102
high population density, 105
information flow, 101
material flows, 103
material, energy and information flow, 101
near-natural ecosystem, 102
raw material, 101
road and railway networks, 102
road networks, 103
self-sustaining ability, 104
sensitivity, 106
society, 101
solar energy, 101
solar radiation, 101
species diversity, 103
topographic conditions, 104
traffic networks, 103
urban ecosystems, 102
urban system, 102
Western and Eastern Europe, 106
Settlement network connections, 119
Shale gas, 84
Sigmoid curves, 255
Simple system, 11, 12
Smartphones, 94, 95
Social-economic development, 98
Socialised Earth, 2
Social metabolism, 75
Social model of László, 49
Social relations of the city, 119
Social systems, 13
Society, 5, 24
basic activities, 56
production and consumption activities, 54
Society for Mining and Metallurgy and Exploration
(SME), 97
Society vs. global environment, 204
Soil degradation
acid atmospheric deposition, 122
activity, 120
agriculture, 120
certisols, 123
erosion, 121
EUROSEM model, 122
Index
O
Oil, 82
One Belt, One Road (OBOR), 218
Organic carbon compounds, 160
Orphan Mine in Grand Canyon National Park, 86
Ozone hole, 199
Ozone shield, 199–202
Ozone—oxygen molecule, 199
P
Papilionaceae, 123
Pedosphere (soil cover), 52
Petroleum-based degradable plastics, 141
Phosphorus, 125
Photosynthesis, 38
Physical environmental systems, 21
Phytoremediation, 120
Piketty phenomenon, 205
Planetary boundaries, 53
Point of bifurcation, 49
Pole reversal, 59
Political institute system, 209
Polluted potable water, 159
Popularity, 26
Population growth and economic-social development
demographic transition, 100
density, 101
developed countries, 99
distribution of population, 100
human action, 99
infrastructural investments, 98
modification effect, 100
natural growth, 100
network structure, 98
population boom, 98
public health conditions, 100
social-economic development, 98
Positive feedbacks, 18
Post-capitalist time period, 242
Poverty, 258
Power function, 26
Precipitation, 19, 20, 36
PREM (Preliminary Reference Earth Model), 32, 33, 51
Productive soil, 1
Pyramid scheme, 257
Q
Quadruple bottom line (QBL), 233
R
Random networks, 25
Rare earth element (REE), 92
Real networks, 243
Receiving institutes, 209
Religion systems, 14
Renewable groundwater stress (RGS), 154
Renewable resources, 261
Renewing education, 234
Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), 191
Richter’s scale, 69
Robotisation, 265
S
Scale-free topology, 26
Science of sustainability, 227
Self-learning algorithms, 238
Self-purification capacity, 198
Self-responsibility, 256
Settlement and ecological networks
black box model, 101, 102
coastal plants, 104
crossing of, 105
electric energy, 101
formation and structure, 103
gases, 102
high population density, 105
information flow, 101
material flows, 103
material, energy and information flow, 101
near-natural ecosystem, 102
raw material, 101
road and railway networks, 102
road networks, 103
self-sustaining ability, 104
sensitivity, 106
society, 101
solar energy, 101
solar radiation, 101
species diversity, 103
topographic conditions, 104
traffic networks, 103
urban ecosystems, 102
urban system, 102
Western and Eastern Europe, 106
Settlement network connections, 119
Shale gas, 84
Sigmoid curves, 255
Simple system, 11, 12
Smartphones, 94, 95
Social-economic development, 98
Socialised Earth, 2
Social metabolism, 75
Social model of László, 49
Social relations of the city, 119
Social systems, 13
Society, 5, 24
basic activities, 56
production and consumption activities, 54
Society for Mining and Metallurgy and Exploration
(SME), 97
Society vs. global environment, 204
Soil degradation
acid atmospheric deposition, 122
activity, 120
agriculture, 120
certisols, 123
erosion, 121
EUROSEM model, 122
Index