283
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
A. Kerényi, R. W. McIntosh, Sustainable Development in Changing Complex Earth Systems,
Sustainable Development Goals Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21645-0
A
Abiotic system, 1
Accelerated/anthropogenic erosion, 121
Acid deposition
acid effects, 197
acid rain, 196
acidification effect, 197
atmospheric chemical processes, 198
buffer capacity, 197
desulphurization, 198
dry conditions, 196
international cooperation, 199
materials, 195
nitrogen oxides, 198
non-atmospheric acidification, 196
nutrient intake, 196
sensitive category, 197
sensitivity to acidification, 197
soil and surface water, 198
sulphur content of coal, 198
in wet conditions acids, 196
Acid mine drainage (AMD), 97
Adaptive systems, 21
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 125
African and Pacific superswells, 35
Agricultural forestry, 132
Agriculture, 126–128
Amazon Basin, 106
Amazon rainforests, 245
Ammonia/ammonium salts, 123
Animal subsystem, 19
Antarctic Environmental Protocol, 219
Anthropocene, 2
Anthropogenic systems, 22
Aperiodic behaviour, 20
Aperiodic systems, 20
Arctic Sea, 195
Artificial intelligence, 238, 242
Artificial surfaces, 98, 111
Artificial systems, 11, 16, 21, 26
Asthenosphere, 32
Atmosphere, 53
complementary components, 183
fossil energy resources, 183
gases and pollutant material, 183
human activities, 183
industrial revolution, 183
Atmospheric methane, 38
Atomic Energy Act of 1946, 86
Authoritative international conventions, 232
Autocatalytic technologies, 238, 240, 242, 265
Autocratic systems, 209
B
Basic problem, 54
Bifurcations, 20, 29, 49
Biocoenosis, 23
Biological diversity, 166, 173
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), 123
Biome, 24
Biosphere, 15, 24, 52
Amazon Basin, 174
anthropogenic biomes, 164
anthropogenic effects, 178
areas of tree, 174
atmosphere, 165
average species lifespan, 168
biodiversity hotspots, 171–172
biological diversity, 166, 170
biotic integrity, 182
blast fishing, 177
calcareous skeleton, 177
characteristics, 164
coral reefs, 176
decrease of terrestrial and fresh water species
diversity, 169
deforestation, 174, 177
destruction, natural forests, 175
diversity, 166
economic development and associated settlement
growth, 177
extinct and threatened fresh water fish, 170
extra-terrestrial impacts, 165
fish population, 179
fishing quota, 178
forests, 164
global Earth system, 176
Index
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
A. Kerényi, R. W. McIntosh, Sustainable Development in Changing Complex Earth Systems,
Sustainable Development Goals Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21645-0
A
Abiotic system, 1
Accelerated/anthropogenic erosion, 121
Acid deposition
acid effects, 197
acid rain, 196
acidification effect, 197
atmospheric chemical processes, 198
buffer capacity, 197
desulphurization, 198
dry conditions, 196
international cooperation, 199
materials, 195
nitrogen oxides, 198
non-atmospheric acidification, 196
nutrient intake, 196
sensitive category, 197
sensitivity to acidification, 197
soil and surface water, 198
sulphur content of coal, 198
in wet conditions acids, 196
Acid mine drainage (AMD), 97
Adaptive systems, 21
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 125
African and Pacific superswells, 35
Agricultural forestry, 132
Agriculture, 126–128
Amazon Basin, 106
Amazon rainforests, 245
Ammonia/ammonium salts, 123
Animal subsystem, 19
Antarctic Environmental Protocol, 219
Anthropocene, 2
Anthropogenic systems, 22
Aperiodic behaviour, 20
Aperiodic systems, 20
Arctic Sea, 195
Artificial intelligence, 238, 242
Artificial surfaces, 98, 111
Artificial systems, 11, 16, 21, 26
Asthenosphere, 32
Atmosphere, 53
complementary components, 183
fossil energy resources, 183
gases and pollutant material, 183
human activities, 183
industrial revolution, 183
Atmospheric methane, 38
Atomic Energy Act of 1946, 86
Authoritative international conventions, 232
Autocatalytic technologies, 238, 240, 242, 265
Autocratic systems, 209
B
Basic problem, 54
Bifurcations, 20, 29, 49
Biocoenosis, 23
Biological diversity, 166, 173
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), 123
Biome, 24
Biosphere, 15, 24, 52
Amazon Basin, 174
anthropogenic biomes, 164
anthropogenic effects, 178
areas of tree, 174
atmosphere, 165
average species lifespan, 168
biodiversity hotspots, 171–172
biological diversity, 166, 170
biotic integrity, 182
blast fishing, 177
calcareous skeleton, 177
characteristics, 164
coral reefs, 176
decrease of terrestrial and fresh water species
diversity, 169
deforestation, 174, 177
destruction, natural forests, 175
diversity, 166
economic development and associated settlement
growth, 177
extinct and threatened fresh water fish, 170
extra-terrestrial impacts, 165
fish population, 179
fishing quota, 178
forests, 164
global Earth system, 176
Index