233
targets (goal 17). Some of these are repeats of
sums and measures as results of separate negotiations, e.g., the 100 billion US dollars to be
provided for developing countries in relation to
climate change was included in the document of
the climate summit at Copenhagen in 2009, and
this shall be used by 2020. (The rate of usage
until 2017, however, makes it increasingly
unlikely.) The document specifies other international support, technology transfer and development of international trade as measures for
achieving the targets. It urges separately the former promise of developed countries (0.7% of
annual GDP) to less developed ones that has not
been realised yet. The establishment of the institution system for the promised and provided
financial support, however, is promising (ODA,
IBRD, IDA, UNDP, GEF, for details see the list
of abbreviations!).
An important measure for realising
Transforming Our World 2030 is The High Level
Panel of Experts (HLPE) responsible for programme coordination and regular evaluation. It is
a question, however, how its work will be effective if the fact that the UN will control the separate national reports of the member states is
considered. According to the experience of the
authors, the quality of such “country reports”
varies greatly and often unrealistically improved
image is depicted of reality.
Considering goal 16 of the programme (peaceful societies, establishment of effective and
accountable institutes), it can be evaluated as the
chapter involving mostly general considerations.
The history of humanity suggests that the establishment of peaceful societies—if possible at
all—requires long and demanding work.
The question is, how the above ambitious
goals could be realised. Doubts of the authors
have been discussed before related to each
goal. Below the tasks to be implemented in
order to realise the goals are analysed. Griggs
et al. (2013) mentioned that scientific knowledge related to sustainable development and
human–environment interactions were insufficient. Shortfalls are continuously retrieved by
scientists. Works associated with the development of the institution network are very important. According to Monkelbaan (2019) effective
institute networks and equitable governance
are essential for implementing SDGs.
Economic sectors and group interests have to
be harmonised in order to act together. His
work gives a global review of every level of
governance and nontraditional governance
actors and institutions. It is not a simple
description but a new view, new goals and
methods of governance.
Alibašić (2017, 2018) analyses the new ways of
local government development. His starting point
is the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) principle that represents governance and economy control that aims
at equity, preserving the environment, economy
and ecology and maintaining human health (in
another aspect: People, Profit and Planet = PPP).
According to Alibašić, humanity has to reach
beyond and has to aim at realising a Quadruple
Bottom Line (QBL), sometimes referred to as
PPP + Purpose (PPPP). Aims of such QBL companies, Profit + Society + Ecology + Future-Facing,
realise the well-being of human communities
including spiritual and cultural well-being as well.
One important aspect of climate change
research is studying the reasons, frequency and
consequences of extreme weather events. The
results of such research are presented in a book
edited by Mal et al. (2018) including effects on
human health as well. Economides et al. (2018)
following in the footsteps of Nordhaus published
results related to the modelling of the economic
consequences of climate change. Research
related to sustainable agriculture is not less
important. Valuable results are presented in the
publication of Thipe et al. (2017) entitled
“Greenhouse technology for agriculture under
arid conditions” for those who cultivate areas
where climate change will bring drought. The
work of Sandhu et al. (2017) focuses on the agricultural application of certain types of transgenes providing significant tools for impeding
crop yield decrease caused by pathogens. Clues
are given by Pullanikkatil and Shackleton Ch
(2019) to reduce poverty and starvation in forest
areas. The wide range of products yielded by
forests without the clearance of trees is presented
in the book.
6.1 Sciences and the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of UN
targets (goal 17). Some of these are repeats of
sums and measures as results of separate negotiations, e.g., the 100 billion US dollars to be
provided for developing countries in relation to
climate change was included in the document of
the climate summit at Copenhagen in 2009, and
this shall be used by 2020. (The rate of usage
until 2017, however, makes it increasingly
unlikely.) The document specifies other international support, technology transfer and development of international trade as measures for
achieving the targets. It urges separately the former promise of developed countries (0.7% of
annual GDP) to less developed ones that has not
been realised yet. The establishment of the institution system for the promised and provided
financial support, however, is promising (ODA,
IBRD, IDA, UNDP, GEF, for details see the list
of abbreviations!).
An important measure for realising
Transforming Our World 2030 is The High Level
Panel of Experts (HLPE) responsible for programme coordination and regular evaluation. It is
a question, however, how its work will be effective if the fact that the UN will control the separate national reports of the member states is
considered. According to the experience of the
authors, the quality of such “country reports”
varies greatly and often unrealistically improved
image is depicted of reality.
Considering goal 16 of the programme (peaceful societies, establishment of effective and
accountable institutes), it can be evaluated as the
chapter involving mostly general considerations.
The history of humanity suggests that the establishment of peaceful societies—if possible at
all—requires long and demanding work.
The question is, how the above ambitious
goals could be realised. Doubts of the authors
have been discussed before related to each
goal. Below the tasks to be implemented in
order to realise the goals are analysed. Griggs
et al. (2013) mentioned that scientific knowledge related to sustainable development and
human–environment interactions were insufficient. Shortfalls are continuously retrieved by
scientists. Works associated with the development of the institution network are very important. According to Monkelbaan (2019) effective
institute networks and equitable governance
are essential for implementing SDGs.
Economic sectors and group interests have to
be harmonised in order to act together. His
work gives a global review of every level of
governance and nontraditional governance
actors and institutions. It is not a simple
description but a new view, new goals and
methods of governance.
Alibašić (2017, 2018) analyses the new ways of
local government development. His starting point
is the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) principle that represents governance and economy control that aims
at equity, preserving the environment, economy
and ecology and maintaining human health (in
another aspect: People, Profit and Planet = PPP).
According to Alibašić, humanity has to reach
beyond and has to aim at realising a Quadruple
Bottom Line (QBL), sometimes referred to as
PPP + Purpose (PPPP). Aims of such QBL companies, Profit + Society + Ecology + Future-Facing,
realise the well-being of human communities
including spiritual and cultural well-being as well.
One important aspect of climate change
research is studying the reasons, frequency and
consequences of extreme weather events. The
results of such research are presented in a book
edited by Mal et al. (2018) including effects on
human health as well. Economides et al. (2018)
following in the footsteps of Nordhaus published
results related to the modelling of the economic
consequences of climate change. Research
related to sustainable agriculture is not less
important. Valuable results are presented in the
publication of Thipe et al. (2017) entitled
“Greenhouse technology for agriculture under
arid conditions” for those who cultivate areas
where climate change will bring drought. The
work of Sandhu et al. (2017) focuses on the agricultural application of certain types of transgenes providing significant tools for impeding
crop yield decrease caused by pathogens. Clues
are given by Pullanikkatil and Shackleton Ch
(2019) to reduce poverty and starvation in forest
areas. The wide range of products yielded by
forests without the clearance of trees is presented
in the book.
6.1 Sciences and the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of UN