171
Table 4.16 Biodiversity hotspots (Data source: Myers et al. 2000; https://www.cepf.net/node/1996)
Name of hotspot
Original extent
(km
2
)
Remaining primary
vegetation (km
2
)
Area protected
(km
2
)
Plant
species
Endemic
plants
Vertebrate
species
Endemic
vertebrates
Extinct
species
Cape Floristic Province
78,555
15,711
10,859
9000
6210
594
62
1
Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa 291,250
29,125
50,889
4000
1750
1392
113
0
Eastern Afromontane
1,017,806
106,870
154,132
7598
2356
3258
988
1
Guinean Forests of West Africa
620,314
93,047
108,104
9000
1800
2048
422
0
Horn of Africa
1,659,363
82,968
145,322
5000
2750
1332
153
1
Madagascar and the Indian
Ocean Islands
600,461
60,046
18,482
13,000
11,600
1243
1018
45
Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany
274,136
67,163
23,051
8100
1900
1089
65
0
Succulent Karoo
102,691
29,780
2567
6356
2439
444
19
1
East Melanesian Islands
99,384
29,815
5677
8000
3000
657
283
6
Forests of East Australia
253,200
58,900
46,600
>8257
>2144
>1141
>152
?
Himalaya
741,706
185,427
112,578
10,000
3160
1827
150
0
Indo-Burma
2,373,057
118,653
235,758
13,500
7000
3769
1048
1
Japan
373,490
74,698
62,025
5600
1950
790
183
7
Mountains of Southwest China
262,446
20,996
14,034
12,000
3500
1122
53
0
New Caledonia
18,972
5122
4192
3270
2432
269
100
1
New Zealand
270,197
59,443
74,260
2300
1865
285
155
23
Philippines
297,179
20,803
32,404
9253
6091
1309
591
2
Polynesia/Micronesia
47,239
10,015
2436
5330
3074
471
229
43
Southwest Australia
356,717
107,015
38,379
5571
2948
573
81
2
Sundaland
1,501,063
100,571
179,723
25,000
15,000
2795
1103
4
Wallacea
338,494
50,774
24,387
10,000
1500
1389
571
3
Western Ghats/Sri Lanka
189,611
43,611
26,130
5916
3049
1234
496
20
Caucasus
532,658
143,818
42,721
6400
1600
739
54
0
Irano-Anatolian
899,773
134,966
56,193
6000
2500
728
54
0
Mediterranean Basin
2,085,292
98,009
90,242
22,500
11,700
1240
217
5
Mountains of Central Asia
863,362
172,672
59,563
5500
1500
725
16
0
California Floristic Province
293,804
73,451
108,715
3488
2124
685
70
2
Caribbean Islands
229,549
22,955
29,605
13,000
6550
1526
908
38
Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands
461,265
92,253
27,361
5300
3975
1520
133
1
Mesoamerica
1,130,019
226,004
142,103
17,000
2941
3309
1212
7
North American Coastal Plain
1,130,000
163,850
161,830
6200
1816
1417
428
No data
(continued)
4.4 Changes in the Biosphere
Table 4.16 Biodiversity hotspots (Data source: Myers et al. 2000; https://www.cepf.net/node/1996)
Name of hotspot
Original extent
(km
2
)
Remaining primary
vegetation (km
2
)
Area protected
(km
2
)
Plant
species
Endemic
plants
Vertebrate
species
Endemic
vertebrates
Extinct
species
Cape Floristic Province
78,555
15,711
10,859
9000
6210
594
62
1
Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa 291,250
29,125
50,889
4000
1750
1392
113
0
Eastern Afromontane
1,017,806
106,870
154,132
7598
2356
3258
988
1
Guinean Forests of West Africa
620,314
93,047
108,104
9000
1800
2048
422
0
Horn of Africa
1,659,363
82,968
145,322
5000
2750
1332
153
1
Madagascar and the Indian
Ocean Islands
600,461
60,046
18,482
13,000
11,600
1243
1018
45
Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany
274,136
67,163
23,051
8100
1900
1089
65
0
Succulent Karoo
102,691
29,780
2567
6356
2439
444
19
1
East Melanesian Islands
99,384
29,815
5677
8000
3000
657
283
6
Forests of East Australia
253,200
58,900
46,600
>8257
>2144
>1141
>152
?
Himalaya
741,706
185,427
112,578
10,000
3160
1827
150
0
Indo-Burma
2,373,057
118,653
235,758
13,500
7000
3769
1048
1
Japan
373,490
74,698
62,025
5600
1950
790
183
7
Mountains of Southwest China
262,446
20,996
14,034
12,000
3500
1122
53
0
New Caledonia
18,972
5122
4192
3270
2432
269
100
1
New Zealand
270,197
59,443
74,260
2300
1865
285
155
23
Philippines
297,179
20,803
32,404
9253
6091
1309
591
2
Polynesia/Micronesia
47,239
10,015
2436
5330
3074
471
229
43
Southwest Australia
356,717
107,015
38,379
5571
2948
573
81
2
Sundaland
1,501,063
100,571
179,723
25,000
15,000
2795
1103
4
Wallacea
338,494
50,774
24,387
10,000
1500
1389
571
3
Western Ghats/Sri Lanka
189,611
43,611
26,130
5916
3049
1234
496
20
Caucasus
532,658
143,818
42,721
6400
1600
739
54
0
Irano-Anatolian
899,773
134,966
56,193
6000
2500
728
54
0
Mediterranean Basin
2,085,292
98,009
90,242
22,500
11,700
1240
217
5
Mountains of Central Asia
863,362
172,672
59,563
5500
1500
725
16
0
California Floristic Province
293,804
73,451
108,715
3488
2124
685
70
2
Caribbean Islands
229,549
22,955
29,605
13,000
6550
1526
908
38
Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands
461,265
92,253
27,361
5300
3975
1520
133
1
Mesoamerica
1,130,019
226,004
142,103
17,000
2941
3309
1212
7
North American Coastal Plain
1,130,000
163,850
161,830
6200
1816
1417
428
No data
(continued)
4.4 Changes in the Biosphere