720 Modern Food Microbiology
Table 30–2 Incidence and Prevalence of Fumonisin B 1 in Corn and Corn Products from
Several Countries
Samples
Fumonisin
Mean
Products
Country
(Pos./Total)
Range(ng)
(ng/g)
Reference
Corn grits
Switzerland
34/55
0–790
260
67
Corn grits
South Africa
10/18
0–190
125
90
Corn grits
U.S.A.
10/10
105–2545
601
90
Corn meal/muffin mix
U.S.A.
10/17
<200–15,600
–
65
Corn meal
Switzerland
2/7
0–110
85
67
Corn meal
South Africa
46/52
0–475
138
90
Corn meal
U.S.A.
15/16
0–2790
1048
90
Corn meal
Canada
1/2
0–50
50
90
Corn meal
Egypt
2/2
1780–2980
2380
90
Corn meal
Peru
1/2
0–660
660
90
Corn
∗
Charleston, SC
7/7
105–1915
635
90
Corn
∗
Transkei, S. Africa
6/6
3020–117,520
53,740
90
Corn (good)
∗
Transkei, S. Africa
12/12
50–7900
1600
70
Corn (good)
†
Transkei, S. Africa
2/12
0–550
375
70
Corn (moldy)
†
Transkei, S. Africa
12/12
3450–46900
23,900
70
Corn (moldy)
†
Transkei, S. Africa
11/11
450–18,900
6520
70
White corn meal
U.S.A. (MD)
3500–7450
15
Yellow corn meal
U.S.A. (MD)
500–4750
15
Tortilla, white
U.S.A. (MD)
200–400
15
Yellow corn meal
U.S.A. (AZ)
450–650
15
Yellow corn meal
U.S.A. (NE)
500–2500
15
Tortilla, white
U.S.A. (AZ)
250–1450
15
Tortilla, white
U.S.A. (NE)
200–550
15
Maize + meal
Botswana
28/33
20–1270
247
81
µg/kg
Maize
Kenya
92/197
110–12,000
670
44
∗ From areas of respective countries where human esophageal cancer was high.
† From areas where esophageal cancer was low.