654 Modern Food Microbiology
71. Raghubeer, E.V., and J.R. Matches. 1990. Temperature range for growth of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and selected
coliforms in E. coli medium. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:803–805.
72. Renter, D.G., J.M. Sargeant, R.D. Oberst, and M. Samadpour. 2003. Diversity, frequency, and persistence of Escherichia
coli 0157 strains from range cattle environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:542–547.
73. Riley, L.W., R.S. Remis, S.D. Helgerson, H.B. McGee, J.G. Wells, B.R. Davis, R.J. Hebert, E.S. Olcott, L.M. Johnson,
N.T. Hrgrett, P.A. Blake, and M.L. Cohen. 1983. Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. N.
Engl. J. Med. 308:681–685.
74. Samadpour, M., J.E. Ongerth, J. Liston, N. Tran, D. Nguyen, T.S. Whittam, R.A. Wilson, and P.I. Tarr. 1994. Occurrence
of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli in retail fresh seafood, beef, lamb, pork, and poultry from grocery stores in
Seattle, Washington. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1038–1040.
75. Savarino, S.J., A. Fasano, J. Watson, B.M. Martin, M.M. Levine, S. Guandalini, and P. Guerry. 1993. Enteroaggregative
Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 represents another subfamily of E. coli heat-stable toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 90:3093–3097.
76. Smith, H.R., S.M. Scotland, G.A. Willshaw, B. Rowe, A. Cravioto, and C. Eslava. 1994. Isolates of Escherichia coli O44:
18 of diverse origin are enteroaggregative. J. Infect. Dis. 170:1610–1613.
77. Smith, H.B., T. Cheasty, D. Roberts, A. Thomas, and B. Rowe. 1991. Examination of retail chickens and sausages in Britain
for vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2091–2093.
78. Splittstoesser, D.F., M.R. McClellan, and J.J. Churey. 1996. Heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice. J.
Food Protect. 59:226–229.
79. Suthienkul, O., J.E. Brown, J. Seriwatana, S. Tienthongdee, S. Sastravaha, and P. Escheverria. 1990. Shiga-like toxinproducing Escherichia coli in retail meats and cattle in Thailand. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:1135–1139.
80. Taniguchi, T., Y. Fujino, K. Yamamoto, T. Miwatani, and T. Honda. 1995. Sequencing of the gene encoding the major pilin
of pilus colonization factor antigen III (CFA/III) of human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and evidence that CFA/III is
related to type IV pili. Infect. Immun. 63:724–728.
81. Taylor, D.N., P. Echeverria, O. Sethabutr, C. Pitarangsi, U. Leksomboon, N.R. Blacklow, B. Rowe, R. Gross, and J. Cross.
1988. Clinical and microbiologic features of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infections by DNA hybridization.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:1362–1366.
82. Thayer, D.W., and G. Boyd. 1993. Elimination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meats by gamma irradiation. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 59:1030–1034.
83. Thomas, A., H. Chart, T. Cheasty, H.R. Smith, J.A. Frost, and B. Rowe. 1993. Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli,
particularly serogroup O157, associated with human infections in the United Kingdom: 1989–1991. Epidemiol. Infect.
110:591–600.
84. Tzioori, S., R. Gibson, and J. Montanaro. 1989. Nature and distribution of mucosal lesions associated with enteropathogenic
and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in piglets and the role of plasmid-mediated factors. Infect. Immun. 57:1142–1150.
85. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1996. Nationwide Federal Plant Raw Ground Beef Microbiological Survey. Washington,
DC: USDA.
86. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1996. Nationwide Broiler Chicken Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program.
Washington, DC: USDA.
87. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1996. Nationwide Beef Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Cows and
Bulls. Washington, DC: USDA.
88. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1994. Nationwide Beef Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Steers and
Heifers. Washington, DC: USDA.
89. Weagant, S.D., J.L. Bryant, and D.H. Bark. 1994. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mayonnaise and mayonnaisebased sauces at room and refrigerated temperatures. J. Food Protect. 57:629–631.
90. Weeratna, R.D., and M.P. Doyle. 1991. Detection and production of verotoxin 1 in Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 57:2951–2955.
91. Weinstein, D.L., R.K. Holmes, and A.D. O’Brien. 1988. Effects of iron and temperature on Shiga-like toxin I production
by Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 56:106–111.
92. Weinstein, D.L., M.P. Jackson, L.P. Perera, R.K. Holmes, and A.D. O’Brien. 1989. In vivo formation of hybrid toxins
comprising Shiga toxin and the Shiga-like toxins and role of the B subunit in localization and cytotoxic activity. Infect.
Immun. 57:3743–3750.
71. Raghubeer, E.V., and J.R. Matches. 1990. Temperature range for growth of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and selected
coliforms in E. coli medium. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:803–805.
72. Renter, D.G., J.M. Sargeant, R.D. Oberst, and M. Samadpour. 2003. Diversity, frequency, and persistence of Escherichia
coli 0157 strains from range cattle environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:542–547.
73. Riley, L.W., R.S. Remis, S.D. Helgerson, H.B. McGee, J.G. Wells, B.R. Davis, R.J. Hebert, E.S. Olcott, L.M. Johnson,
N.T. Hrgrett, P.A. Blake, and M.L. Cohen. 1983. Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. N.
Engl. J. Med. 308:681–685.
74. Samadpour, M., J.E. Ongerth, J. Liston, N. Tran, D. Nguyen, T.S. Whittam, R.A. Wilson, and P.I. Tarr. 1994. Occurrence
of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli in retail fresh seafood, beef, lamb, pork, and poultry from grocery stores in
Seattle, Washington. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1038–1040.
75. Savarino, S.J., A. Fasano, J. Watson, B.M. Martin, M.M. Levine, S. Guandalini, and P. Guerry. 1993. Enteroaggregative
Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 represents another subfamily of E. coli heat-stable toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 90:3093–3097.
76. Smith, H.R., S.M. Scotland, G.A. Willshaw, B. Rowe, A. Cravioto, and C. Eslava. 1994. Isolates of Escherichia coli O44:
18 of diverse origin are enteroaggregative. J. Infect. Dis. 170:1610–1613.
77. Smith, H.B., T. Cheasty, D. Roberts, A. Thomas, and B. Rowe. 1991. Examination of retail chickens and sausages in Britain
for vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2091–2093.
78. Splittstoesser, D.F., M.R. McClellan, and J.J. Churey. 1996. Heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice. J.
Food Protect. 59:226–229.
79. Suthienkul, O., J.E. Brown, J. Seriwatana, S. Tienthongdee, S. Sastravaha, and P. Escheverria. 1990. Shiga-like toxinproducing Escherichia coli in retail meats and cattle in Thailand. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:1135–1139.
80. Taniguchi, T., Y. Fujino, K. Yamamoto, T. Miwatani, and T. Honda. 1995. Sequencing of the gene encoding the major pilin
of pilus colonization factor antigen III (CFA/III) of human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and evidence that CFA/III is
related to type IV pili. Infect. Immun. 63:724–728.
81. Taylor, D.N., P. Echeverria, O. Sethabutr, C. Pitarangsi, U. Leksomboon, N.R. Blacklow, B. Rowe, R. Gross, and J. Cross.
1988. Clinical and microbiologic features of Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infections by DNA hybridization.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:1362–1366.
82. Thayer, D.W., and G. Boyd. 1993. Elimination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meats by gamma irradiation. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 59:1030–1034.
83. Thomas, A., H. Chart, T. Cheasty, H.R. Smith, J.A. Frost, and B. Rowe. 1993. Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli,
particularly serogroup O157, associated with human infections in the United Kingdom: 1989–1991. Epidemiol. Infect.
110:591–600.
84. Tzioori, S., R. Gibson, and J. Montanaro. 1989. Nature and distribution of mucosal lesions associated with enteropathogenic
and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in piglets and the role of plasmid-mediated factors. Infect. Immun. 57:1142–1150.
85. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1996. Nationwide Federal Plant Raw Ground Beef Microbiological Survey. Washington,
DC: USDA.
86. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1996. Nationwide Broiler Chicken Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program.
Washington, DC: USDA.
87. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1996. Nationwide Beef Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Cows and
Bulls. Washington, DC: USDA.
88. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1994. Nationwide Beef Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program: Steers and
Heifers. Washington, DC: USDA.
89. Weagant, S.D., J.L. Bryant, and D.H. Bark. 1994. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mayonnaise and mayonnaisebased sauces at room and refrigerated temperatures. J. Food Protect. 57:629–631.
90. Weeratna, R.D., and M.P. Doyle. 1991. Detection and production of verotoxin 1 in Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 57:2951–2955.
91. Weinstein, D.L., R.K. Holmes, and A.D. O’Brien. 1988. Effects of iron and temperature on Shiga-like toxin I production
by Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 56:106–111.
92. Weinstein, D.L., M.P. Jackson, L.P. Perera, R.K. Holmes, and A.D. O’Brien. 1989. In vivo formation of hybrid toxins
comprising Shiga toxin and the Shiga-like toxins and role of the B subunit in localization and cytotoxic activity. Infect.
Immun. 57:3743–3750.