Foodborne Gastroenteritis Caused by Escherichia coli
651
REFERENCES
1. Abdul-Raouf, U.M., L.R. Beuchat, T. Zhao, and M.S. Ammar. 1995. Growth and verotoxin I production by Escherichia
coli O157:H7 in ground roasted beef. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 23:79–88.
2. Ahmed, N.M., D.E. Conner, and D.L. Huffman. 1995. Heat-resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat and poultry as
affected by product composition. J. Food Sci. 60:606–610.
3. Ahmed, S., and M. Donaghy. 1998. An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in central Scotland. In Escherichia coli
O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains, ed. J.B. Kaper and A.D. O’Brien, 59–65. Washington, DC:
ASM Press.
4. Baudry, B., S.J. Savarino, P. Vial, J.B. Kaper, and M.M. Levine. 1990. A sensitive and specific DNA probe to identify
enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, a recently discovered diarrheal pathogen. J. Infect. Dis. 161:1249–1251.
5. Benjamin, M.M., and A.R. Datta. 1995. Acid tolerance of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
61:1669–1672.
6. Besser, R.E., S.M. Lett, J.T. Weber, M.P. Doyle, T.J. Barrett, J.G. Wells, and P.M. Griffin. 1993. An outbreak of diarrhea
and hemolytic uremic syndrome from Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh-pressed apple cider. JAMA 269:2217–2220.
7. Buchanan, R.L., S.G. Edelson, K. Snipes, and G. Boyd. 1998. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice by
irradiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:4533–4535.
8. Burgess, M.N., R.J. Bywater, C.M. Cowley, N.A. Mullan, and P.M. Newsome. 1978. Biological evaluation of a methanolsoluble, heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin in infant mice, pigs, rabbits, and calves. Infect. Immun. 21:526–531.
9. Calderwood, S.B., D.W.K. Acheson, G.T. Keusch, T.J. Barrett, P.M. Griffin, N.A. Strockbine, B. Swaminathan, J.B. Kaper,
M.M. Levine, B.S. Kaplan, H. Karch, A.D. O’Brien, T.G. Obrig, Y. Takeda, P.I. Tarr, and I.K. Wachsmuth. 1996. Proposed
new nomenclature for SLT (VT) family. ASM News 62:118–119.
10. Caprioli, A., I. Luzzu, F. Rosmini, C. Resti, A. Edefonti, F. Perfumo, C. Farina, A. Goglio, A. Gianviti, and G. Bizzoni. 1994.
Communitywide outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with non-O157 verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia
coli. J. Infect. Dis. 169:208–211.
11. Cassin, M.H., A.M. Lammerding, E.C.D. Todd, W. Ross, and R.S. McColl. 1998. Quantitative risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburger. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 41:21–44.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 1997. Morb. Mort. Wkly.
Rep. 46(54).
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1995. Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis attributable to Escherichia coli serotype
O104:H21—Helena, Montana, 1994. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 44:501–503.
14. Cheasty, T., and B. Rowe. 1983. Antigenic relationships between the enteroinvasive Escherichia coli O antigens O28ac,
O112ac, O124, O136, O143, O144, O152, and O164 and Shigella O antigens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 17:681–684.
15. Cohen, M.B., J.A. Hawkins, L.S. Weckbach, J.L. Staneck, M.M. Levine, and J.E. Heck. 1993. Colonization by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in travelers with and without diarrhea. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:351–353.
16. Conner, D.E., and J.S. Kotrola. 1995. Growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 under acidic conditions. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 61:382–385.
17. Cray, W.C., Jr., and H.W. Moon. 1995. Experimental infection of calves and adult cattle with Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1586–1590.
18. Dallas, W.S., D.M. Gill, and S. Falkow. 1979. Cistrons encoding Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin. J. Bacteriol. 139:850–
858.
19. Dean-Nystrom, E.A., B.T. Bosworth, W.C. Cray, Jr., and H.W. Moon. 1997. Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in
the intestines of neonatal calves. Infect. Immun. 65:1842–1848.
20. Debroy, C., J. Yealy, R.A. Wilson, M.K. Bhan, and R. Kumar. 1995. Antibodies raised against the outer membrane protein
interrupt adherence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 63:2873–2879.
21. Diez-Gonzalez, F., T.R. Callaway, H.G. Kizoulis, and J.B. Russell. 1998. Grain feeding and the dissemination of acidresistant Escherichia coli from cattle. Science 281:1666–1668.
22. Doyle, M.P., and J.L. Schoeni. 1987. Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from retail fresh meats and poultry. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 53:2394–2396.
23. Eidels, L., R.L. Proia, and D.A. Hart. 1983. Membrane receptors for bacterial toxins. Microbiol. Rev. 47:596–620.
651
REFERENCES
1. Abdul-Raouf, U.M., L.R. Beuchat, T. Zhao, and M.S. Ammar. 1995. Growth and verotoxin I production by Escherichia
coli O157:H7 in ground roasted beef. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 23:79–88.
2. Ahmed, N.M., D.E. Conner, and D.L. Huffman. 1995. Heat-resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat and poultry as
affected by product composition. J. Food Sci. 60:606–610.
3. Ahmed, S., and M. Donaghy. 1998. An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in central Scotland. In Escherichia coli
O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains, ed. J.B. Kaper and A.D. O’Brien, 59–65. Washington, DC:
ASM Press.
4. Baudry, B., S.J. Savarino, P. Vial, J.B. Kaper, and M.M. Levine. 1990. A sensitive and specific DNA probe to identify
enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, a recently discovered diarrheal pathogen. J. Infect. Dis. 161:1249–1251.
5. Benjamin, M.M., and A.R. Datta. 1995. Acid tolerance of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
61:1669–1672.
6. Besser, R.E., S.M. Lett, J.T. Weber, M.P. Doyle, T.J. Barrett, J.G. Wells, and P.M. Griffin. 1993. An outbreak of diarrhea
and hemolytic uremic syndrome from Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh-pressed apple cider. JAMA 269:2217–2220.
7. Buchanan, R.L., S.G. Edelson, K. Snipes, and G. Boyd. 1998. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice by
irradiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:4533–4535.
8. Burgess, M.N., R.J. Bywater, C.M. Cowley, N.A. Mullan, and P.M. Newsome. 1978. Biological evaluation of a methanolsoluble, heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin in infant mice, pigs, rabbits, and calves. Infect. Immun. 21:526–531.
9. Calderwood, S.B., D.W.K. Acheson, G.T. Keusch, T.J. Barrett, P.M. Griffin, N.A. Strockbine, B. Swaminathan, J.B. Kaper,
M.M. Levine, B.S. Kaplan, H. Karch, A.D. O’Brien, T.G. Obrig, Y. Takeda, P.I. Tarr, and I.K. Wachsmuth. 1996. Proposed
new nomenclature for SLT (VT) family. ASM News 62:118–119.
10. Caprioli, A., I. Luzzu, F. Rosmini, C. Resti, A. Edefonti, F. Perfumo, C. Farina, A. Goglio, A. Gianviti, and G. Bizzoni. 1994.
Communitywide outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with non-O157 verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia
coli. J. Infect. Dis. 169:208–211.
11. Cassin, M.H., A.M. Lammerding, E.C.D. Todd, W. Ross, and R.S. McColl. 1998. Quantitative risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburger. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 41:21–44.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 1997. Morb. Mort. Wkly.
Rep. 46(54).
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1995. Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis attributable to Escherichia coli serotype
O104:H21—Helena, Montana, 1994. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 44:501–503.
14. Cheasty, T., and B. Rowe. 1983. Antigenic relationships between the enteroinvasive Escherichia coli O antigens O28ac,
O112ac, O124, O136, O143, O144, O152, and O164 and Shigella O antigens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 17:681–684.
15. Cohen, M.B., J.A. Hawkins, L.S. Weckbach, J.L. Staneck, M.M. Levine, and J.E. Heck. 1993. Colonization by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in travelers with and without diarrhea. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:351–353.
16. Conner, D.E., and J.S. Kotrola. 1995. Growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 under acidic conditions. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 61:382–385.
17. Cray, W.C., Jr., and H.W. Moon. 1995. Experimental infection of calves and adult cattle with Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1586–1590.
18. Dallas, W.S., D.M. Gill, and S. Falkow. 1979. Cistrons encoding Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin. J. Bacteriol. 139:850–
858.
19. Dean-Nystrom, E.A., B.T. Bosworth, W.C. Cray, Jr., and H.W. Moon. 1997. Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in
the intestines of neonatal calves. Infect. Immun. 65:1842–1848.
20. Debroy, C., J. Yealy, R.A. Wilson, M.K. Bhan, and R. Kumar. 1995. Antibodies raised against the outer membrane protein
interrupt adherence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 63:2873–2879.
21. Diez-Gonzalez, F., T.R. Callaway, H.G. Kizoulis, and J.B. Russell. 1998. Grain feeding and the dissemination of acidresistant Escherichia coli from cattle. Science 281:1666–1668.
22. Doyle, M.P., and J.L. Schoeni. 1987. Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from retail fresh meats and poultry. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 53:2394–2396.
23. Eidels, L., R.L. Proia, and D.A. Hart. 1983. Membrane receptors for bacterial toxins. Microbiol. Rev. 47:596–620.