276 Modern Food Microbiology
15. Bennett, R.W., and F. McClure. 1976. Collaborative study of the serological identification of staphylococcal enterotoxins
by the microslide gel double diffusion test. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59:594–600.
16. Berg, J.D., and L. Fiksdal. 1988. Rapid detection of total and fecal coliforms in water by enzymatic hydrolysis of
4-methylumbelliferone-β-D-galactoside. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2118–2122.
17. Bergdoll, M.S., and R. Reiser. 1980. Application of radioimmunoassay of detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in
foods. J. Food Protect. 43:68–72.
18. Black, S.F., D.I. Gray, D.B. Fenton, and R.G. Kroll. 1995. Rapid RAPD analysis for distinguishing Listeria species and
Listeria monocytogenes serotypes using a capillary air thermal cycler. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 20:188–189.
19. Blears, M.J, S.A. De Grandis, H. Lee, and J.T. Trevors. 1999. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP): Review
of the procedure and its applications. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21:99–114.
20. Boerlin, P., F. Boerlin-Petzold, E. Bannerman, J. Bille, T. Jemmi. 1999. Typing Listeria monocytogenes isolates from fish
products and human listeriosis cases. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:1338–1343.
21. Bottari, D.A., C.D. Emmett, C.E. Nichols, K.D. Whippie, D. Rodriguez, G.W. Durbin, K.M. Keough, E.P. Groody, M.A.
Mazola, and G.N. Reynolds. 1995. Comparative study of a colorimetric DNA hybridization method and conventional
culture procedures for the detection of Listeria spp. in foods. J. Food Protect. 58:1083–1090.
22. Bulte, M., and G. Reuter. 1984. Impedance measurement as a rapid method for the determination of the microbial
contamination of meat surfaces, testing two different instruments. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 1:113–125.
23. Brosch, R., H. Chen, and J.B. Luchansky. 1994. Pulsed-field fingerprinting of listeriae: Identification of genomic divisions
for Listeria monocytogenes and their correlation with serovar. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2584–2592.
24. Brosch, R., C. Buchrieser, and J. Rocourt. 1991. Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b by use of low-frequencycleavage restriction endonucleases and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Res. Microbiol. 142:667–675.
25. Cady, P., D. Hardy, S. Martins, S.W. Duforu, and S.J. Kraeger. 1978. Automated impedance measurements for rapid
screening of milk microbiol content. J. Food Protect. 41:277–283.
26. Candlish, A.A.G., W.H. Stimson, and J.E. Smith. 1985. A monoclonal antibody to aflatoxin B 1 : Detection of the mycotoxin
by enzyme immunoassay. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1:57–61.
27. Carson, C.A, B.L. Shear, M.R. Ellersieck, and A. Asfaw. 2001. Identification of fecal Escherichia coli from humans and
animals by ribotyping. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1503–1507.
28. Casman, E.P., and R.W. Bennett. 1965. Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin in food. Appl. Microbiol. 13:181–189.
29. Cernic, G. 1976. Method for the distinction of Gram-negative from Gram-positive bacteria. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol.
3:223–225.
30. Chang, T.C., H.C. Ding, and S. Chen. 2002. A conductance method for the identification of Escherichia coli 0157:H7
using bacteriophage AR1. J. Food Protect. 65:12–17.
31. Cherry, W.B., and M.D. Moody. 1965. Fluorescent-antibody techniques in diagnostic bacteriology. Bacteriol. Rev. 29:222–
250.
32. Chesbro, W.R., and K. Auborn. 1967. Enzymatic detection of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in foods. Appl.
Microbiol. 15:1150–1159.
33. Collins, W.S., II, A.D. Johnson, J.F. Metzger, and R.W. Bennett. 1973. Rapid solid-phase radioimmunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Appl. Microbiol. 25:774–777.
34. Collins, W.S., II, J.F. Metzger, and A.D. Johnson. 1972. A rapid solid phase radioimmunoassay for staphylococcal B
enterotoxin. J. Immunol. 108:852–856.
35. Cocolin, L., K. Rantsiou, L. Iacumin, C. Cantoni, and G. Comi. 2002. Direct identification in food samples of Listeria
spp., and Listeria monocytogenes by molecular methods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:6273–6282.
36. Cousin, M.A., J.M. Jay, and P.C. Vasavada. 2001. Psychrotrophic microorganisms. In Compendium of Methods for the
Microbiological Examination of Foods, 2nd ed., eds. F.P. Downes, and K. Ito. Washington, DC: American Public Health
Association.
37. D’Aoust, J.-Y., and A.M. Sewell. 1988. Reliability of the immunodiffusion 1–2 Test system for detection of Salmonella
in foods. J. Food Protect. 51:853–856.
38. D’Aoust, J.-Y., A.M. Sewell, P. Greco, M.A. Mazola, and R.E. Colvin. 1995. Performance assessment of the GENETRAK R colorimetric probe assay for the detection of foodborne Salmonella spp. J. Food Protect. 58:1069–1076.
39. Czajka, J., N. Bsat, M. Piani, W. Russ, K. Sultana, M. Wiedmann, R. Whitaker, and C.A. Batt. 1993. Differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua by 16S rRNA genes and intraspecies discrimination of Listeria monocytogenes
strains by random amplified polymorphic DNA polymorphisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:304–308.
15. Bennett, R.W., and F. McClure. 1976. Collaborative study of the serological identification of staphylococcal enterotoxins
by the microslide gel double diffusion test. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59:594–600.
16. Berg, J.D., and L. Fiksdal. 1988. Rapid detection of total and fecal coliforms in water by enzymatic hydrolysis of
4-methylumbelliferone-β-D-galactoside. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2118–2122.
17. Bergdoll, M.S., and R. Reiser. 1980. Application of radioimmunoassay of detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in
foods. J. Food Protect. 43:68–72.
18. Black, S.F., D.I. Gray, D.B. Fenton, and R.G. Kroll. 1995. Rapid RAPD analysis for distinguishing Listeria species and
Listeria monocytogenes serotypes using a capillary air thermal cycler. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 20:188–189.
19. Blears, M.J, S.A. De Grandis, H. Lee, and J.T. Trevors. 1999. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP): Review
of the procedure and its applications. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21:99–114.
20. Boerlin, P., F. Boerlin-Petzold, E. Bannerman, J. Bille, T. Jemmi. 1999. Typing Listeria monocytogenes isolates from fish
products and human listeriosis cases. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:1338–1343.
21. Bottari, D.A., C.D. Emmett, C.E. Nichols, K.D. Whippie, D. Rodriguez, G.W. Durbin, K.M. Keough, E.P. Groody, M.A.
Mazola, and G.N. Reynolds. 1995. Comparative study of a colorimetric DNA hybridization method and conventional
culture procedures for the detection of Listeria spp. in foods. J. Food Protect. 58:1083–1090.
22. Bulte, M., and G. Reuter. 1984. Impedance measurement as a rapid method for the determination of the microbial
contamination of meat surfaces, testing two different instruments. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 1:113–125.
23. Brosch, R., H. Chen, and J.B. Luchansky. 1994. Pulsed-field fingerprinting of listeriae: Identification of genomic divisions
for Listeria monocytogenes and their correlation with serovar. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2584–2592.
24. Brosch, R., C. Buchrieser, and J. Rocourt. 1991. Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b by use of low-frequencycleavage restriction endonucleases and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Res. Microbiol. 142:667–675.
25. Cady, P., D. Hardy, S. Martins, S.W. Duforu, and S.J. Kraeger. 1978. Automated impedance measurements for rapid
screening of milk microbiol content. J. Food Protect. 41:277–283.
26. Candlish, A.A.G., W.H. Stimson, and J.E. Smith. 1985. A monoclonal antibody to aflatoxin B 1 : Detection of the mycotoxin
by enzyme immunoassay. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1:57–61.
27. Carson, C.A, B.L. Shear, M.R. Ellersieck, and A. Asfaw. 2001. Identification of fecal Escherichia coli from humans and
animals by ribotyping. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1503–1507.
28. Casman, E.P., and R.W. Bennett. 1965. Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin in food. Appl. Microbiol. 13:181–189.
29. Cernic, G. 1976. Method for the distinction of Gram-negative from Gram-positive bacteria. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol.
3:223–225.
30. Chang, T.C., H.C. Ding, and S. Chen. 2002. A conductance method for the identification of Escherichia coli 0157:H7
using bacteriophage AR1. J. Food Protect. 65:12–17.
31. Cherry, W.B., and M.D. Moody. 1965. Fluorescent-antibody techniques in diagnostic bacteriology. Bacteriol. Rev. 29:222–
250.
32. Chesbro, W.R., and K. Auborn. 1967. Enzymatic detection of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in foods. Appl.
Microbiol. 15:1150–1159.
33. Collins, W.S., II, A.D. Johnson, J.F. Metzger, and R.W. Bennett. 1973. Rapid solid-phase radioimmunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Appl. Microbiol. 25:774–777.
34. Collins, W.S., II, J.F. Metzger, and A.D. Johnson. 1972. A rapid solid phase radioimmunoassay for staphylococcal B
enterotoxin. J. Immunol. 108:852–856.
35. Cocolin, L., K. Rantsiou, L. Iacumin, C. Cantoni, and G. Comi. 2002. Direct identification in food samples of Listeria
spp., and Listeria monocytogenes by molecular methods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:6273–6282.
36. Cousin, M.A., J.M. Jay, and P.C. Vasavada. 2001. Psychrotrophic microorganisms. In Compendium of Methods for the
Microbiological Examination of Foods, 2nd ed., eds. F.P. Downes, and K. Ito. Washington, DC: American Public Health
Association.
37. D’Aoust, J.-Y., and A.M. Sewell. 1988. Reliability of the immunodiffusion 1–2 Test system for detection of Salmonella
in foods. J. Food Protect. 51:853–856.
38. D’Aoust, J.-Y., A.M. Sewell, P. Greco, M.A. Mazola, and R.E. Colvin. 1995. Performance assessment of the GENETRAK R colorimetric probe assay for the detection of foodborne Salmonella spp. J. Food Protect. 58:1069–1076.
39. Czajka, J., N. Bsat, M. Piani, W. Russ, K. Sultana, M. Wiedmann, R. Whitaker, and C.A. Batt. 1993. Differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua by 16S rRNA genes and intraspecies discrimination of Listeria monocytogenes
strains by random amplified polymorphic DNA polymorphisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:304–308.