Advanced Oxidation Processes
(AOP)—Effective Innovative Treatment
Methods to Degrade Textile Dye Effluent
R. Sukanya Devi, Bhaarathi Dhurai, S. Sundaresan, and A. Selvakumar
Abstract Textile industry is the second largest consumer and polluter of water for
processing fibres, yarns, fabrics and garments. There are wide range of dyestuffs
and chemicals used in the treatment of textile materials to enhance several properties. In early days, the dye wastewater effluent was discharged to the nearby freshwater bodies or land. Due to the increase in awareness and necessity for sustainable
processes, there are many treatment methods to treat the textile effluent. The processes
include physico-chemical treatment, and secondary and tertiary treatment methods
are adopted widely which basically work on coagulation and sedimentation, adsorption, biological degradation of dyes. In these processes, the residual sludge is a great
problem, and the textile effluent treatment process results in piled up sludge which
consists of majority of dyes and other salts. The degradation of the dyes in the sludge
takes several years, and to speed up the degradation of dyes, advanced oxidation
processes are currently under research, and few technologies are used in effluent
treatment plants. The generation of hydroxyl radical species and exposure of textile
effluent to these radicals decolourize and degrade the organic compounds. There
are several processes to generate the hydroxyl radicals like ozonation, UV treatment, photocatalytic treatment, electrochemical oxidation process, Fenton process,
etc. The biodegradability of the by-products after AOPs increases 6–8 times. This
chapter will discuss in detail about the above-said treatment methods, their efficacy
in treatment of dye decolourization and reduction of pollution load. Each process
has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of decolourization, operational
cost, sludge generation and so on. The adaptation of suitable technology will also be
discussed briefly.
Keywords Textile effluent · Dye degradation · Advanced oxidation process ·
Ozonation · Photocatalysis
R. Sukanya Devi (B) · B. Dhurai · S. Sundaresan · A. Selvakumar
Department of Textile Technology, Department of Fashion Technology, Kumaraguru College of
Technology, Coimbatore, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
e-mail: sukanyadevi.r.txt@kct.ac.in
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
S. S. Muthu (ed.), Advances in Textile Waste Water Treatments,
Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0065-4_7
173
(AOP)—Effective Innovative Treatment
Methods to Degrade Textile Dye Effluent
R. Sukanya Devi, Bhaarathi Dhurai, S. Sundaresan, and A. Selvakumar
Abstract Textile industry is the second largest consumer and polluter of water for
processing fibres, yarns, fabrics and garments. There are wide range of dyestuffs
and chemicals used in the treatment of textile materials to enhance several properties. In early days, the dye wastewater effluent was discharged to the nearby freshwater bodies or land. Due to the increase in awareness and necessity for sustainable
processes, there are many treatment methods to treat the textile effluent. The processes
include physico-chemical treatment, and secondary and tertiary treatment methods
are adopted widely which basically work on coagulation and sedimentation, adsorption, biological degradation of dyes. In these processes, the residual sludge is a great
problem, and the textile effluent treatment process results in piled up sludge which
consists of majority of dyes and other salts. The degradation of the dyes in the sludge
takes several years, and to speed up the degradation of dyes, advanced oxidation
processes are currently under research, and few technologies are used in effluent
treatment plants. The generation of hydroxyl radical species and exposure of textile
effluent to these radicals decolourize and degrade the organic compounds. There
are several processes to generate the hydroxyl radicals like ozonation, UV treatment, photocatalytic treatment, electrochemical oxidation process, Fenton process,
etc. The biodegradability of the by-products after AOPs increases 6–8 times. This
chapter will discuss in detail about the above-said treatment methods, their efficacy
in treatment of dye decolourization and reduction of pollution load. Each process
has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of decolourization, operational
cost, sludge generation and so on. The adaptation of suitable technology will also be
discussed briefly.
Keywords Textile effluent · Dye degradation · Advanced oxidation process ·
Ozonation · Photocatalysis
R. Sukanya Devi (B) · B. Dhurai · S. Sundaresan · A. Selvakumar
Department of Textile Technology, Department of Fashion Technology, Kumaraguru College of
Technology, Coimbatore, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
e-mail: sukanyadevi.r.txt@kct.ac.in
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
S. S. Muthu (ed.), Advances in Textile Waste Water Treatments,
Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0065-4_7
173