However, the question being investigated here is not “is there a difference between
specimens?” but rather “is there a difference between populations?”, and it must be
answered based on conclusions derived from a limited number of specimens.
Therefore, when the difference between specimens is too small, it can be concluded
that there is no significant difference between the populations, and when the
difference between specimens is large, to some extent, it can be said that there is a
significant difference between the populations. In that case, the significant difference
will be expressed as a significant difference in the probability (●%), and this
probability (level of significance) indicates the possibility of incorrectly arriving at
the conclusion that there is a significant difference.
◎ Rearranging of the main term for the statistical test:
①Specimen: Sample size of the ※ specimens from some population of the target
group to be investigated.
②Population: The large (entire) group.
③Random sampling: Method of choosing a random specimen from within a
population.
※Probability sample, random sample: The specimens that were randomly selected.
④Parameters: Generic names, such as the mean (population mean) of the population, dispersion (population dispersion), and the standard deviation (population
standard deviation).
⑤Statistics: Generic names, such as the mean (sample mean) of the specimen,
dispersion (sample dispersion), and the standard deviation (sample standard
deviation).
⑥Regular population: Population distribution of the regular model.
Fig. 6.10 Concept of statistical testing
6 Estimation Using the Microcosm N-System
65
specimens?” but rather “is there a difference between populations?”, and it must be
answered based on conclusions derived from a limited number of specimens.
Therefore, when the difference between specimens is too small, it can be concluded
that there is no significant difference between the populations, and when the
difference between specimens is large, to some extent, it can be said that there is a
significant difference between the populations. In that case, the significant difference
will be expressed as a significant difference in the probability (●%), and this
probability (level of significance) indicates the possibility of incorrectly arriving at
the conclusion that there is a significant difference.
◎ Rearranging of the main term for the statistical test:
①Specimen: Sample size of the ※ specimens from some population of the target
group to be investigated.
②Population: The large (entire) group.
③Random sampling: Method of choosing a random specimen from within a
population.
※Probability sample, random sample: The specimens that were randomly selected.
④Parameters: Generic names, such as the mean (population mean) of the population, dispersion (population dispersion), and the standard deviation (population
standard deviation).
⑤Statistics: Generic names, such as the mean (sample mean) of the specimen,
dispersion (sample dispersion), and the standard deviation (sample standard
deviation).
⑥Regular population: Population distribution of the regular model.
Fig. 6.10 Concept of statistical testing
6 Estimation Using the Microcosm N-System
65