management programs. Present technologies like transposon
mutagenesis, EST (expressed sequence tags) screening, RNAi technology, genetic engineering, and genetic improvement of strains
used in EPN study are developing over the time. EPNs definitely
have a very bright scope as an alternative to chemical pesticides. The
EPN commercialization is likely to increase over the years in the
future as they are eco-friendly and user-friendly.
The application efficacy of EPNs is progressing by the current
development in nematode formulation, application equipment or
approaches, and strain improvement. Further studies in lowering
product costs, increasing product availability, enhancing ease-ofuse, and improving efficacy and carryover effect will encourage the
wide use of EPNs in biomanagement. These advances help EPNs to
minimize chemical insecticide hazards and add to the maintenance
of crop yields and the environment.
Advanced research studies can be undertaken to explore the
truth that may be concealed in EPNs. Further studies may include
an in-depth study of host defences and immune responses to EPN
infection, focusing on various abiotic and biotic factors that may
affect the survival of soil IJs or EPN populations, to enhance the
optimization of EPNs for greater use in the biological control of
insect pests in the soil environment, mass formulation of nematodebased products, stability and application strategies to be economical
with chemical insecticides, to understand the conservation and
manipulation of the natural EPN populations strategy required in
diverse habitats, to study and identify the novel valuable bioactive
compounds from symbiotic bacteria and their various applications
in different agricultural sectors, as well as medicinal value for dreadful diseases, to study the utility and importance of gene knock and
gene knock in EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria, to employ EPNs
as novel species to generate abiotic and biotic resistance to transgenic nematodes, to use EPNs as a model for human genetic
diseases, and to use EPNs as an indicator of environmental pollution and climate change. Entomopathogenic nematodes can compete as stable potential biocontrol agents with any other organism.
Future Prospect
161
mutagenesis, EST (expressed sequence tags) screening, RNAi technology, genetic engineering, and genetic improvement of strains
used in EPN study are developing over the time. EPNs definitely
have a very bright scope as an alternative to chemical pesticides. The
EPN commercialization is likely to increase over the years in the
future as they are eco-friendly and user-friendly.
The application efficacy of EPNs is progressing by the current
development in nematode formulation, application equipment or
approaches, and strain improvement. Further studies in lowering
product costs, increasing product availability, enhancing ease-ofuse, and improving efficacy and carryover effect will encourage the
wide use of EPNs in biomanagement. These advances help EPNs to
minimize chemical insecticide hazards and add to the maintenance
of crop yields and the environment.
Advanced research studies can be undertaken to explore the
truth that may be concealed in EPNs. Further studies may include
an in-depth study of host defences and immune responses to EPN
infection, focusing on various abiotic and biotic factors that may
affect the survival of soil IJs or EPN populations, to enhance the
optimization of EPNs for greater use in the biological control of
insect pests in the soil environment, mass formulation of nematodebased products, stability and application strategies to be economical
with chemical insecticides, to understand the conservation and
manipulation of the natural EPN populations strategy required in
diverse habitats, to study and identify the novel valuable bioactive
compounds from symbiotic bacteria and their various applications
in different agricultural sectors, as well as medicinal value for dreadful diseases, to study the utility and importance of gene knock and
gene knock in EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria, to employ EPNs
as novel species to generate abiotic and biotic resistance to transgenic nematodes, to use EPNs as a model for human genetic
diseases, and to use EPNs as an indicator of environmental pollution and climate change. Entomopathogenic nematodes can compete as stable potential biocontrol agents with any other organism.
Future Prospect
161