2. Expose the suspension to test larva on filter paper at the bottom
of petri plate (with diameter 40 or 100 mm).
3. Cover with lid.
4. Keep at 28
C.
5. Use the control treatment except for the absence of nematodes.
6. Record the lethal effect of nematode concentration by counting dead insect larvae at 24 h interval.
7.2.6 Hypoxia [190]
Hypoxemia (low oxygen level) can cause hypoxia (low oxygen in
the tissues).
The term hypoxia generally denotes a situation in which the
tissues are not sufficiently oxygenated, frequently due to an inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood. Oxygen deficiency can have
significant adverse effects on different body cells that are required
to conduct essential biological processes.
Materials Required
l
Eppendorf tubes.
l
Sterile tap water.
l
IJs.
l
Incubator with shaker.
l
Petri dishes.
Procedure
1. Take 10,000 IJs in 100-μl Eppendorf tubes with 1.5 ml of
distilled tap water.
2. Place the tubes in a shaker with incubator at 150 rpm at 25
C
for 24, 48, 72, or 96 h.
3. Transfer the nematodes into petri dishes (50 mm diameter)
containing 8.5 ml of distilled tap water and incubate at 25
C
for 24 h.
4. Count the number of IJs living and dead.
7.2.7 Desiccation
Tolerance [191, 192]
Materials Required
l
IJs.
l
Filter paper (55 mm, Whatman No. 1).
l
Petri dish.
l
Vacuum filter.
l
Plastic desiccator.
l
Potassium chloride (KCl) or potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4 ).
l
Dissecting needle.
Ecological Characterization
99