Most precision breeding variety exhibited higher digestibility than many classical
breeding varieties (Benjamin et al. 2013).
Sugarcane clones (transgenic and wild type) showed differences between agronomic properties and sugar conversion, since transgenic specimens showed higher
stature, shoot population, and soluble sugars in juice (144 cm, 129.603 e 147 kgÁton
-1
of sugarcane, respectively) when compared to wild type (123 cm in height, population of 104,039 stems and 140 kg of soluble sugars in juice per ton of sugarcane).
As for ethanol production, transgenic variety yielded 29.6 gÁL
-1 , corresponding to
75.8% potential glucose in pretreated material, while wild variety yielded 26.8 gÁL
-1 ,
corresponding to 69.2 % of potential glucose. These variations can be attributed to
different lignin contents found in transgenic and wild-type genotypes (16.4% and
21.3%, respectively) (Benjamin and Görgens 2015).
Among various biomass used in biofuel production, elephant grass has potential
for coal, alcohol, and methane production or even for direct burning in the boiler
feed, due to extremely high positive energy balance and efficiency in fixation of
atmospheric CO 2 . Elephant grass genotypes (Paraíso and Roxo) can accumulate dry
biomass varying from 30 MgÁha
-1 to 42 MgÁha
-1
, respectively (Flores et al. 2012).
Elephant grass presents potential for bioenergy by direct combustion. Among five
evaluated varieties, it was observed that yield of dry mass ranged from 45 to 66.6
MgÁha
-1
. In addition, the recalcitrance of this biomass can vary according to
genotypes (Morais et al. 2009).
The genetic diversity of 100 varieties of elephant grass was quantified in relation
to their bioenergetic use. The study classified varieties into 6 groups according to
agronomic characteristics, which could be employed, to produce cellulosic ethanol,
forage, or direct combustion. Elephant grass can contribute to diversification of
sustainable energy matrix. To reach energy goal, some actions must be taken to
enhance their bioenergetic potential, as crosses between individuals diverging from
different clusters. The genetic variability of the Active Elephant Grass Germplasm
Bank (BAGCE) can be exploited to produce higher quality combinations that
maximize conversion to second-generation ethanol and direct biomass combustion
(Rocha et al. 2017).
Sorghum sp. was evaluated as potential and yield (of six genotypes of sorghum,
one cultivar and five hybrids) during five years in several areas of the United States
(six different states). There was a significant variation between genotypes for fresh
and dry weight, moisture, and brix, where some hybrids are more tractable to
produce bioenergy and biomass. The results showed that one of the hybrids produced the highest fresh and dry average weights (58.6 and 17.9 tons per hectare,
respectively), while the lowest averages were 35.1 (fresh weight) and 10.1 (dry
weight) metric tons per hectare, but the consistency of production may vary year by
year according to each locality. This study demonstrated that sorghum can yield
sufficient biomass amounts to meet needs of developing lignocellulosic industry,
allowing for breakthroughs in cellulosic ethanol industries (Gill et al. 2014).
Miscanthus sinensis (102 varieties) is used to demonstrate the genetic variety
distribution, relating genotype variation of cell wall composition with lignocellulose
degradation rate and its relationships with biohydrogen production. Lignin contents
2 Biofuels Generation Based on Technical Process and Biomass Quality
51
breeding varieties (Benjamin et al. 2013).
Sugarcane clones (transgenic and wild type) showed differences between agronomic properties and sugar conversion, since transgenic specimens showed higher
stature, shoot population, and soluble sugars in juice (144 cm, 129.603 e 147 kgÁton
-1
of sugarcane, respectively) when compared to wild type (123 cm in height, population of 104,039 stems and 140 kg of soluble sugars in juice per ton of sugarcane).
As for ethanol production, transgenic variety yielded 29.6 gÁL
-1 , corresponding to
75.8% potential glucose in pretreated material, while wild variety yielded 26.8 gÁL
-1 ,
corresponding to 69.2 % of potential glucose. These variations can be attributed to
different lignin contents found in transgenic and wild-type genotypes (16.4% and
21.3%, respectively) (Benjamin and Görgens 2015).
Among various biomass used in biofuel production, elephant grass has potential
for coal, alcohol, and methane production or even for direct burning in the boiler
feed, due to extremely high positive energy balance and efficiency in fixation of
atmospheric CO 2 . Elephant grass genotypes (Paraíso and Roxo) can accumulate dry
biomass varying from 30 MgÁha
-1 to 42 MgÁha
-1
, respectively (Flores et al. 2012).
Elephant grass presents potential for bioenergy by direct combustion. Among five
evaluated varieties, it was observed that yield of dry mass ranged from 45 to 66.6
MgÁha
-1
. In addition, the recalcitrance of this biomass can vary according to
genotypes (Morais et al. 2009).
The genetic diversity of 100 varieties of elephant grass was quantified in relation
to their bioenergetic use. The study classified varieties into 6 groups according to
agronomic characteristics, which could be employed, to produce cellulosic ethanol,
forage, or direct combustion. Elephant grass can contribute to diversification of
sustainable energy matrix. To reach energy goal, some actions must be taken to
enhance their bioenergetic potential, as crosses between individuals diverging from
different clusters. The genetic variability of the Active Elephant Grass Germplasm
Bank (BAGCE) can be exploited to produce higher quality combinations that
maximize conversion to second-generation ethanol and direct biomass combustion
(Rocha et al. 2017).
Sorghum sp. was evaluated as potential and yield (of six genotypes of sorghum,
one cultivar and five hybrids) during five years in several areas of the United States
(six different states). There was a significant variation between genotypes for fresh
and dry weight, moisture, and brix, where some hybrids are more tractable to
produce bioenergy and biomass. The results showed that one of the hybrids produced the highest fresh and dry average weights (58.6 and 17.9 tons per hectare,
respectively), while the lowest averages were 35.1 (fresh weight) and 10.1 (dry
weight) metric tons per hectare, but the consistency of production may vary year by
year according to each locality. This study demonstrated that sorghum can yield
sufficient biomass amounts to meet needs of developing lignocellulosic industry,
allowing for breakthroughs in cellulosic ethanol industries (Gill et al. 2014).
Miscanthus sinensis (102 varieties) is used to demonstrate the genetic variety
distribution, relating genotype variation of cell wall composition with lignocellulose
degradation rate and its relationships with biohydrogen production. Lignin contents
2 Biofuels Generation Based on Technical Process and Biomass Quality
51