Table 2.2 Polysaccharide composition (cellulose and hemicelluloses) in some kinds of vegetable
biomasses
Biomass
Cellulose
(%)
Hemicelluloses
(%)
Reference
Switch grass
5–20
30–50
McKendry (2002)
Miscanthus (spp. ?)
38.2–40
18–24.3
Brosse et al. (2010)
Grass esparto
33–38
27–32
Sánchez (2009)
Elephant grass
22
24
Sánchez (2009)
Bermuda grass
25
35.7
Prasad et al. (2007)
Grasses (general)
25–40
25–50
Saini et al. (2015)
Alfalfa stalks
48.5
6.5
Chandel et al. (2007)
Sugarcane whole
25
17
Saxena et al. (2009)
Napier grass
32
20
Saxena et al. (2009)
S32 rye grass (early
leaf)
21.3–26.7 15.8–25.7
Sánchez (2009)
Orchard grass
32
40
Sánchez (2009)
Water hyacinth
18.2–18.4 48.7–49.2
Kumar et al. (2016), Nigam (2002)
General MSW
33–49
9–16
Li et al. (2012), Saxena et al. (2009)
Kraft paper
57.3
9.9
Schmitt et al. (2012)
High-grade paper
87.4
8.4
Schmitt et al. (2012)
Mixed- or low-grade
paper
42.3
9.4
Schmitt et al. (2012)
Food waste
55.4
7.2
Schmitt et al. (2012)
Office paper
68.6
12.4
Mosier et al. (2005)
Newspaper
40–55
25–40
Howard et al. (2003)
Waste papers from
chemical pulps
60–70
10–20
Prasad et al. (2007)
Sorted refuse
60
20
Prasad et al. (2007)
Primary waste water
solids
8–15
0
Sánchez (2009)
Leaves and grass
15.3
10.5
Schmitt et al. (2012)
Solid cattle manure
16–4.7
1.4–1.33
Sánchez (2009)
Coffee husk
43
7
Gouveia et al. (2009)
Nut shells
25–30
25–30
Howard et al. (2003)
Corn cob
42–45
35–39
Prasad et al. (2007), Kuhad et al.
(1993)
Cotton seed hairs
80–90
5–20
Prasad et al. (2007)
Corn stover
38–40
24–26
Saini et al. (2015), Zhu et al. (2005)
Corn fiber
14.28
16.8
Mosier et al. (2005)
Coir
36–43
0.15–0.25
Saini et al. (2015)
Sugarcane bagasse
42–48
19–25
Saini et al. (2015), Kim and Day
(2011)
Rice straw
28–36
23–28
Saini et al. (2015)
Wheat straw
33–38
26–32
Saini et al. (2015)
Barley straw
31–45
27–38
Saini et al. (2015)
Sweet sorghum
bagasse
34–45
18–27
Saini et al. (2015)
(continued)
2 Biofuels Generation Based on Technical Process and Biomass Quality
43